ArticleBMJ open2021
Frailty differences across population characteristics associated with health inequality: a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA).
Article in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Measuring intrinsic capacity among Canadian adults: a population-based study using the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA).Lancet regional health. Americas · 2026Article
- Physical, Psychological, Cognitive and Social Frailty Domains in Community-Dwelling Adults Aged 45-85: a Cross-sectional Analysis of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA).Canadian geriatrics journal : CGJ · 2025Article
- Article
- Digital humanistic program to manage premature frailty in young breast cancer survivors with gender perspective.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Article
- Analysis of urban-rural differences in cognitive function among empty nest older adult in China based on Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Evolution of the income-related gap in health with old age: evidence from 20 countries in European and Chinese panel datasets.European journal of ageing · 2023Article
- Racial, Ethnic, and Socioeconomic Differences in a Deficit Accumulation Frailty Index in the Multiethnic Cohort Study.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2023Article
- Development and validation of a hospital frailty risk measure using Canadian clinical administrative data.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2023Article
- Frailty and the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on community-living middle-aged and older adults: an analysis of data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA).Age and ageing · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate the pattern of frailty across several of social stratifiers associated with health inequalities. DESIGN, SETTING AND
participantsCross-sectional baseline data on 51 338 community-living women and men aged 45-85 years from the population-based Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (collected from September 2011 to May 2015) were used in this study. PRIMARY OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: A Frailty Index (FI) was constructed using self-reported chronic conditions, psychological function and cognitive status and physical functioning variables. Social stratifiers were chosen based on the Pan-Canadian Health Inequalities Reporting Initiative, reflecting key health inequalities in Canada. Unadjusted and adjusted FIs and domain-specific FIs (based on chronic conditions, physical function, psychological/cognitive deficits) were examined across population strata.
resultsThe overall mean FI was 0.13±0.08. It increased with age and was higher in women than men. Higher mean FIs were found among study participants with low income (0.20±0.10), who did not complete secondary education (0.17±0.09) or had low perceived social standing (0.18±0.10). Values did not differ by Canadian province of residence or urban/rural status. After simultaneously adjusting for population characteristics and other covariates, income explained the most heterogeneity in frailty, especially in younger age groups; similar patterns were found for men and women. The average frailty for people aged 45-54 in the lowest income group was greater than that for those aged 75-85 years. The heterogeneity in the FI among income groups was greatest for the psychological/cognitive domain.
conclusionsOur results suggest that especially in the younger age groups, psychological/cognitive deficits are most highly associated with both overall frailty levels and the gradient in frailty associated with income. If this is predictive of later increases in the other two domains (and overall frailty), it raises the question whether targeting mental health factors earlier in life might be an effective approach to mitigating frailty.
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