ReviewJournal of cannabis research2021
Processing and extraction methods of medicinal cannabis: a narrative review.
Review in Journal of cannabis research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 126 citations in OpenAlex.
- Post-Harvest Operations to Generate High-Quality Medicinal Cannabis Products: A Systemic Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Pooled it
- Temperature Control Minimizes Wax-Derived Alkane Carryover in Hydrocarbon Cannabis Extraction.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Combined extraction and spray-freeze-drying of Cannabis sativa Flos provides stable lyophilizate particles of cannabinoids.Journal of cannabis research · 2026Article
- Mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagy activation underlie NK cell impairment induced by Cannabis.PloS one · 2026Article
- A Validated GC-MS Method for Major Terpenes Quantification in Hydrodistilled Cannabis sativa Essential oil.Phytochemical analysis : PCA · 2025Article
- Cannabinomics in the flower of Cannabis sativa: a systematic review of extraction, analytical identification, and micro/nanoencapsulation methods for bioactive metabolites.Journal of cannabis research · 2025Review
- Phytochemical Profile, Extraction and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds from Industrial Hemp (Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Optimization, Kinetics, and Thermodynamics of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Phytochemicals from Hemp.ACS omega · 2025Article
- Chemometric and predictive modeling of long term cannabinoid transformation in stored Cannabis sativa resin.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Exploring Aroma and Flavor Diversity inMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Process Development for GMP-Grade Full Extract Cannabis Oil: Towards Standardized Medicinal Use.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Review
- Development of a Validated LC-MS Method for the Determination of Cannabinoids and Evaluation of Supercritical COAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Utilization of Industrial Hemp Biomass Waste (I): Stability of Cannabidiol in Pre and Post- Encapsulation States.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Impact of heterologous expression of Cannabis sativa tetraketide synthase on Phaeodactylum tricornutum metabolic profile.Biotechnology for biofuels and bioproducts · 2025Article
- Postharvest Drying and Curing Affect Cannabinoid Contents and Microbial Levels in Industrial Hemp (Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Impact of a Novel Two-Phase Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent-Assisted Extraction on the Structural, Functional, and Flavor Properties of Hemp Protein Isolates.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Elevated relative humidity significantly decreases cannabinoid concentrations while delaying flowering development inFrontiers in plant science · 2025Article
- Impact of Soil Quality on Cannabinoid and Terpenoid Content ofJournal of medicinally active plants · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionAs the cannabis industry transitions from a black market to a legal market, product development, and methods of extraction have become a focal point. To date, more than thousands of chemical constituents have been identified from the cannabis plant, all of which possess different chemical properties that require different conditions for preservation during drying and extraction. However, scientific publications that explore these areas for the cannabis plant are currently lacking.
methodThis is a narrative review paper which focuses on critiquing drying and extraction methods of Cannabis sativa L. plant. Relevant keywords such as medicinal cannabis, extraction, solvent, cannabinoids, and terpenes have been searched in PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library (Wiley) databases.
resultTo find relevant papers for this narrative review, 93 papers have been reviewed. Among them, 12 irrelevant papers were discarded. The excluded papers were either about hemp seed oil or hemp fiber and protein. Based on this review, solvent extraction is the most common method for cannabis plants. Although solventless and hydrodynamic extraction are known for their high yield and feasibility, more investigation is needed in these areas. Regarding the drying process, hang-drying is the most convenient method; however, it may be substituted by freeze-drying in the near future. DISCUSSION: This review analyses various drying and extraction processes to guide the selection of suitable methods for various types of cannabis products and applications. This is done by outlining traditional and modern methods of drying techniques, exploring the importance of solvents for extraction, visiting solventless extraction procedures, and finally comparing conventional and alternative methods of extraction.
conclusionIn conclusion, based on the current knowledge, using organic solvents is the most convenient method for medicinal cannabis extraction. However, more research is needed for some of the drying and extraction methods. Also, developing a green and sustainable cannabis extraction method should be considered for future studies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.