ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Treating Seizures after Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy-Current Controversies and Future Directions.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: Pathogenesis and Promising Therapies.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Pooled it
- A Review of the Association between Infections, Seizures, and Drugs.Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry · 2025Pooled it
- Article
- A reduction in large animal research threatens the perinatal translation research pipeline.Pediatric research · 2026Review
- Advancing Mental Health Equity in Epilepsy: Social Determinants of Health Across the Lifespan.Epilepsy currents · 2026Review
- Prominent astrocytic GLAST pathology occurs in newborn human and piglet hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: modeling relationships among laminar neuropathology, seizures, and therapeutic hypothermia.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Article
- Topiramate for the treatment of neonatal seizures and beyond.Epilepsia · 2025Review
- Multi-organ involvement in preterm neonatal encephalopathy.Early human development · 2025Article
- Efficacy of phenobarbital is maintained after exposure to mild-to-moderate seizures in neonates.Epilepsia open · 2025Article
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Levetiracetam in Neonatal Seizures: What We Still Need to Know.The journal of pediatric pharmacology and therapeutics : JPPT : the official journal of PPAG · 2025Article
- Early neurodevelopmental follow-up results from the NEOLEV2 cohort.Annals of the Child Neurology Society · 2025Article
- Proinflammatory factors inhibition and fish oil treatment: A promising therapy for neonatal seizures.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2024Article
- The Importance of Including Maternal Immune Activation in Animal Models of Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Electrographic monitoring for seizure detection in the neonatal unit: current status and future direction.Pediatric research · 2024Review
- Hydrogen gas can ameliorate seizure burden during therapeutic hypothermia in asphyxiated newborn piglets.Pediatric research · 2024Article
- Neuroprotective therapies in the NICU in preterm infants: present and future (Neonatal Neurocritical Care Series).Pediatric research · 2024Review
- Decreased neuronal excitability in hypertriglyceridemia hamsters with acute seizures.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Article
- Postischemic Infusion of Apigenin Reduces Seizure Burden in Preterm Fetal Sheep.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Seizures are common in newborn infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and are highly associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. The impact of seizure activity on the developing brain and the most effective way to manage these seizures remain surprisingly poorly understood, particularly in the era of therapeutic hypothermia. Critically, the extent to which seizures exacerbate brain injury or merely reflect the underlying evolution of injury is unclear. Current anticonvulsants, such as phenobarbital and phenytoin have poor efficacy and preclinical studies suggest that most anticonvulsants are associated with adverse effects on the developing brain. Levetiracetam seems to have less potential neurotoxic effects than other anticonvulsants but may not be more effective. Given that therapeutic hypothermia itself has significant anticonvulsant effects, randomized controlled trials of anticonvulsants combined with therapeutic hypothermia, are required to properly determine the safety and efficacy of these drugs. Small clinical studies suggest that prophylactic phenobarbital administration may improve neurodevelopmental outcomes compared to delayed administration; however, larger high-quality studies are required to confirm this. In conclusion, there is a distinct lack of high-quality evidence for whether and to what extent neonatal seizures exacerbate brain damage after hypoxia-ischemia and how best to manage them in the era of therapeutic hypothermia.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.