ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021
Leaving No Child Behind: Decomposing Socioeconomic Inequalities in Child Health for India and South Africa.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- A systematic review on factors influencing immunisation adherence among children under 12 years of age.Health SA = SA Gesondheid · 2025Article
- Article
- Inequality in Childhood Immunization Coverage: A Scoping Review of Data Sources, Analyses, and Reporting Methods.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Why is there a gap in self-rated health among people with hypertension in Zambia? A decomposition of determinants and rural‒urban differences.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Explaining Caste-Based Disparities in Enrollment for National Health Insurance Program in India: a Decomposition Analysis.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2023Article
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4 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThe United Nations' 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development argues for the combating of health inequalities within and among countries, advocating for "leaving no one behind". However, child mortality in developing countries is still high and mainly driven by lack of immunization, food insecurity and nutritional deficiency. The confounding problem is the existence of socioeconomic inequalities among the richest and poorest. Thus, comparing South Africa's and India's Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) of 2015/16, this study examines socioeconomic inequalities in under-five children's health and its associated factors using three child health indications: full immunization coverage, food insecurity and malnutrition.
methodsErreygers Normalized concentration indices were computed to show how immunization coverage, food insecurity and malnutrition in children varied across socioeconomic groups (household wealth). Concentration curves were plotted to show the cumulative share of immunization coverage, food insecurity and malnutrition against the cumulative share of children ranked from poorest to richest. Subsequent decomposition analysis identified vital factors underpinning the observed socioeconomic inequalities.
resultsThe results confirm a strong socioeconomic gradient in food security and malnutrition in India and South Africa. However, while full childhood immunization in South Africa was pro-poor (-0.0236), in India, it was pro-rich (0.1640). Decomposed results reported socioeconomic status, residence, mother's education, and mother's age as primary drivers of health inequalities in full immunization, food security and nutrition among children in both countries.
conclusionsThe main drivers of the socioeconomic inequalities in both countries across the child health outcomes (full immunization, food insecurity and malnutrition) are socioeconomic status, residence, mother's education, and mother's age. In conclusion, if socioeconomic inequalities in children's health especially food insecurity and malnutrition in South Africa; food insecurity, malnutrition and immunization in India are not addressed then definitely "some under-five children will be left behind".
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