ArticleJournal of clinical epidemiology2021
A cohort study revealed high mortality among people who inject drugs in Hai Phong, Vietnam.
Article in Journal of clinical epidemiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Causes and risk factors of death among people who inject drugs in Indonesia, Ukraine and Vietnam: findings from HPTN 074 randomized trial.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Trial
- All-cause mortality and overdose deaths among 4192 people who inject drugs in Stockholm: a 10-year register-based cohort study.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Development of HIV Drug-Resistance Mutations and Antiretroviral Efficacy Among Vietnamese Patients After Failure of 5-Year First-Line Therapy.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2025Observational
- Mortality among HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative People Who Inject Drugs in Mizoram, Northeast India: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study (2007-2021).International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Gender Differences in HIV, HCV risk and Prevention Needs Among People who Inject drug in Vietnam.AIDS and behavior · 2023Article
- "Maintaining HIV and HCV prevention and care for people who inject drugs despite COVID-19 in Hai Phong, Vietnam".The International journal on drug policy · 2022Article
- A community-based intervention to decrease the prevalence of HIV viremia among people who inject drugs in Vietnam.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2022Article
- How has the COVID-19 epidemic affected the risk behaviors of people who inject drugs in a city with high harm reduction service coverage in Vietnam? A qualitative investigation.Harm reduction journal · 2022Article
- Assessment of a psychiatric intervention at community level for people who inject drugs in a low-middle income country: the DRIVE-Mind cohort study in Hai Phong, Viet Nam.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2022Article
- Sustainment and adaptation of systems navigation and psychosocial counseling across HIV testing clinics in Vietnam: A qualitative assessment.Implementation research and practiceArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 9 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo estimate the residual mortality rate among people who inject drugs (PWID) in a Low-Middle Income Countries context where the HIV epidemic has been controlled and methadone coverage is high. STUDY DESIGN AND
settingPWID from Haiphong, Vietnam, were recruited through three annual respondent-driven sampling surveys that fueled two cohorts of PWID with HIV (n = 761) and without HIV (n = 897), with bi-annual follow-up. Presumed causes of death were ascertained from medical records and/or interviews of participants family.
resultsAmong the 1658 participants with a median follow-up of 2 years, 67 and 36 died in the HIV-positive and HIV-negative cohort, respectively, yielding crude mortality rates of 4.3 (95% Confidence interval (CI): 3.3-5.4) per 100 person-years of follow-up (PYFU) and 1.9 (CI: 1.4-2.6) per 100 PYFU. In the HIV-positive cohort, in which 81% of participants had undetectable viral load, the two main causes of death were tuberculosis and HIV-related diseases. In the HIV-negative cohort, the two main causes of death were liver-related diseases and overdose. In a time-dependent multivariable model, "unsuppressed viral load" was associated with increased risk of mortality, whereas "being on methadone" or "being employed" was associated with a lower risk.
conclusionDespite a very successful HIV and methadone program, the mortality remains high among PWID in Vietnam, largely due to curable infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and viral hepatitis.
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