SynthesisThe American journal of drug and alcohol abuse2021
A systematic review and meta-analysis of sex differences in cannabis use disorder amongst people with comorbid mental illness.
Synthesis in The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The prevalence of cannabidiol (CBD) use in North America and Europe: A meta-analysis.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Psychiatric Comorbidities in Substance Use Disorders: Sex-Based Differences in a National Real-World Clinical Sample.The American journal of psychiatry · 2026Article
- Sex and gender influences on problematic cannabis use and cannabis use disorder: A scoping review protocol.PloS one · 2026Article
- Exploring cannabis consumption stigma in Canada with consideration of age and gender differences.Addictive behaviors reports · 2025Article
- Gender differences in circumstances associated with cannabis use.The American journal on addictions · 2025Article
- Trends in Cannabis-Related Hospitalizations in Arizona From 2016 to 2021 and Associations With Mental Health-Related Hospitalizations.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2025Article
- Gender differences in clinical and biochemical parameters among patients hospitalized for schizophrenia: towards precision medicine.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2024Article
- Lifetime use of alcohol and cannabis among U.S. adolescents across age: Exploring differential patterns by sex and race/ethnicity using the 2019 NSDUH data.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2024Article
- [Anxiety and substance abuse disorders-Focus on alcohol and cannabis].Der Nervenarzt · 2023Review
- Understanding the Mechanisms of Action and Effects of Drugs of Abuse.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Sex differences in Cannabis use disorder and associated psychosocial problems among US adults, 2012-2013.Preventive medicine · 2023Article
- Substance use Specificities in Women with Psychosis: A Critical Review.Current neuropharmacology · 2023Review
- A Nationwide Study of Inpatient Case Rate Incidence of Cannabis-Related Diagnoses in Switzerland.International journal of public health · 2022Article
- Differences in alcohol and cannabis use amongst substance use disorder patients with and without comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.The South African journal of psychiatry : SAJP : the journal of the Society of Psychiatrists of South Africa · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWhile males are more likely diagnosed with cannabis use disorder (CUD), females are more susceptible to developing and maintaining CUD. Yet, for both sexes, CUD is associated with high rates of comorbid mental illness (MI).
objectivesTo identify and compare sex differences in the prevalence of comorbid CUD amongst individuals with/without MIs.
methodsThis systematic review generated pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) from 37 studies (including clinical trials, cohort, and case-control studies) among individuals with and without MIs, quantifying sex differences in rates of comorbid CUD. A meta-analysis was also completed.
resultsIn the CUD-only group, males were twice as likely to have CUD than females (OR = 2.0, CI = 1.9-2.1). Among MIs, males were more likely than females to have CUD comorbid with schizophrenia (OR ~2.6, CI = 2.5-2.7) and other psychotic, mood, and substance use disorders (1> OR <2.2, CI = 0.7-2.6). The reverse association (females > males) was observed for anxiety disorders and antisocial personality disorder (OR = 0.8, CI = 0.7-1.0). Among females, MIs increased the likelihood of having CUD, except for psychotic disorders and depression. A meta-analysis was inconclusive due to high heterogeneity across studies. Thus, comparisons across MI groups were not possible.
conclusionWhile males are more likely to be diagnosed with CUD, there are important sex differences in the prevalence of CUD across MI diagnoses that should be taken into account when approaching CUD prevention and determining treatment efficacy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.