ArticleAdvances in experimental medicine and biology2021
Sex Differences and COVID-19.
Article in Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex differences in response to COVID-19 infection: a retrospective study based on emergency medical team interventions.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Age Differences and Prevalence of Comorbidities for Death and Survival in Patients with COVID-19: A Single-Center Observational Study in a Region of Southern Italy.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Pathogenic mechanisms of cardiovascular damage in COVID-19.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2024Review
- Persistence of Diffusion Capacity Impairment and Its Relationship with Dyspnea 12 Months after Hospitalization for COVID-19.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Germany may represent the sum of a large number of local but independent epidemics each initiated by individuals aged 10-19 years, middle-aged males, or elderly individuals.Journal of medical virology · 2022Article
- Safety and Immunogenicity of Inactivated and Recombinant Protein SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines in Patients With Thyroid Cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Observational
- Why Females Do Better: The X Chromosomal TLR7 Gene-Dose Effect in COVID-19.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Impact of Anti-angiogenic Drugs on Severity of COVID-19 in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.Technology in cancer research & treatmentArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Biological sex and psychosocial gender both play a role in many disease outcomes, and the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is no different. Clinical observations in COVID-19 patient data delineate clear disparities between males and females, indicating males are at a higher risk for poorer disease outcomes. Although we are yet to understand the sex and gender-based disparities specific to COVID-19, there is evidence for sex-based differences in the endocrine, immune and renin-angiotensin system, all systems implicated in COVID-19 outcomes. Such disparities are largely thought to be driven by sex chromosomes and modulating sex hormones, which are known to vary between sex, and across the reproductive lifespan. Understanding and exploiting these driving factors are critical to understanding the pathobiology of SARS-CoV-2 virus and may lead to the development of novel therapies and increase the efficacy of preventative vaccine strategies currently under development. This chapter focuses on the endocrine, immune and renin-angiotensin system and genetic sex-based differences that could account for the meaningful differences observed in the outcomes of the SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.