ArticleInternational journal of epidemiology2021
Residential exposure to traffic-borne pollution as a risk factor for acute cardiocerebrovascular events: a population-based retrospective cohort study in a highly urbanized area.
Article in International journal of epidemiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exposure-response relationship between transportation noise and cardiovascular disease outcomes: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Pooled it
- Long-Term Exposure to Traffic Noise and Risk of Incident Cardiovascular Diseases: a Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Impact of Residential Noise Exposure on Neurological Health: A Systematic Scoping Review.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2025Article
- Climate Change and Reproductive Health.Endocrine reviews · 2025Review
- Road traffic noise and incident ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, and stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025Article
- Health position paper and redox perspectives - Disease burden by transportation noise.Redox biology · 2024Review
- ST-Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction in a Young Man.Journal of medical cases · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLong-term exposure to traffic-borne noise and air pollution has been variably associated with incidence of acute vascular events, namely acute myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke and haemorrhagic stroke. This study aims at exploring this association within a highly urbanized city.
methodsThis is a population-based retrospective dynamic cohort study including all residents aged ≥ 35 years in the municipality of Milan over the years 2011-18 (1 087 110 inhabitants). Residential exposure to road traffic noise (day-evening-night levels) and nitrogen dioxide was estimated using a noise predictive model and a land use regression model, respectively. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed to assess the incidence of acute vascular events and specific outcomes in single-exposure and two-exposure models including adjustment for sociodemographic confounders, fine particulate matter and surrounding greenness.
resultsA total of 27 282 subjects (2.5%) had an acute vascular event. Models using nitrogen dioxide produced inconsistent results. The strongest effect was observed for noise, with an optimal cut-off for dichotomization set at 70 dBA (hazard ratio 1.025, 95% confidence interval 1.000-1.050). This association was observed specifically for ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke. When stratifying by age group and sex, a remarkable effect was found for haemorrhagic stroke in men aged <60 years (hazard ratio 1.439, 95% confidence interval 1.156-1.792).
conclusionsLiving by roads with a day-evening-night noise level above 70 dBA exerts a small but tangible independent effect on the risks of both ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke. It is urgent to propose mitigation measures against pollution and noise originating from vehicular traffic in order to reduce their impact, especially in the population younger than 60 years.
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