ArticleClinical neurophysiology practice2021
Spasticity, spastic dystonia, and static stretch reflex in hypertonic muscles of patients with multiple sclerosis.
Article in Clinical neurophysiology practice, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06017960 (Effects of Dry Needling on Electromyographic Activity and Ultrasonographic Characteristics in Post-Stroke Spasticity), which is not on this map. Cited by 10 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Dry Needling on Electromyographic Activity and Ultrasonographic Characteristics in Post-Stroke Spasticity
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advancing Neurological Rehabilitation: The BRAIN Framework for Clinical Reasoning in Neurophysiotherapy.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Multimodal Neuroimaging and Electrophysiological Markers in Multiple Sclerosis: An Integrative Review of fMRI, EEG, and EMG Approaches : fMRI, EEG, EMG in Multiple Sclerosis.Galen medical journal · 2025Review
- Spasticity patterns assessment and recognition for therapeutic approaches (SPARTA) in multiple sclerosis: a multicenter epidemiological study.Journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Health-Related Quality of Life in Romanian Patients with Dystonia: An Exploratory Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Increasing the Passive Range of Joint Motion in Stroke Patients Using Botulinum Toxin: The Role of Pain Relief.Toxins · 2023Article
- Shear Wave Velocity to Evaluate the Effect of Botulinum Toxin on Post-Stroke Spasticity of the Lower Limb.Toxins · 2022Article
- Shared and distinct voxel-based lesion-symptom mappings for spasticity and impaired movement in the hemiparetic upper limb.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Effectiveness of Botulinum Toxin on Pain in Stroke Patients Suffering from Upper Limb Spastic Dystonia.Toxins · 2022Observational
- Not all Forms of Muscle Hypertonia Worsen With Fatigue: A Pilot Study in Para Swimmers.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Article
- Shear wave elastography combined with electromyography to assess the effect of botulinum toxin on spastic dystonia following stroke: A pilot study.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate prevalence of EMG patterns underlying hypertonia in multiple sclerosis (MS) and whether these patterns indicate different levels of spinal excitability.
methodsWe investigated the EMG activity recorded from 108 hypertonic muscles of 59 consecutive MS patients. To investigate spastic dystonia (SD), we looked for the presence of EMG activity in muscles in a resting position. To investigate dynamic stretch reflex (DSR) and static stretch reflex (SSR), we looked for the presence of EMG activity in response to a manually performed passive stretch of the muscle.
resultsDSR was evoked in 104 muscles. In 51 muscles, DSR was the sole EMG activity. This pattern corresponds to the classical notion of spasticity, and was predominant in extensors. In contrast, SSR was detected in 48 muscles - predominantly in flexors. SD was observed in 28 muscles, showing even distribution in flexor and extensor muscles. Only in the flexors, SSR was associated with a larger DSR compared to spasticity.
conclusionsThese findings likely depend on the central effects of both flexor and extensor spindle afferents on the homonymous spinal motor neurons. SIGNIFICANCE: Improving our capacity to assess spinal excitability in MS patients.
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