ReviewHeliyon2021
The global prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress, and, insomnia and its changes among health professionals during COVID-19 pandemic: A rapid systematic review and meta-analysis.
Review in Heliyon, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 91 papers, 14 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
91 citing papers in PubMed, 14 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 215 citations in OpenAlex.
- The prevalence of stress during the COVID-19 pandemic: an umbrella review.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Identification and classification of risk factors for mental health problems in healthcare workers using a systemic framework: an umbrella review.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- An umbrella review of the prevalence of depression during the COVID-19 pandemic: Call to action for post-COVID-19 at the global level.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Contraceptive uses among married women in Bangladesh: a systematic review and meta-analyses.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- Risk assessment and clinical implications of COVID-19 in multiple myeloma patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Global prevalence of post-abortion depression: systematic review and Meta-analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- COVID-19 and common mental health symptoms in the early phase of the pandemic: An umbrella review of the evidence.PLoS medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of hospital staff: An umbrella review of 44 meta-analyses.International journal of nursing studies · 2022Pooled it
- COVID-19 pandemic-related mortality, infection, symptoms, complications, comorbidities, and other aspects of physical health among healthcare workers globally: An umbrella review.International journal of nursing studies · 2022Pooled it
- The prevalence of insomnia among health care workers amid the COVID-19 pandemic: An umbrella review of meta-analyses.Journal of psychosomatic research · 2021Pooled it
- COVID-19 Pandemic and Overall Mental Health of Healthcare Professionals Globally: A Meta-Review of Systematic Reviews.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Trial
- Prevalence and Factors Associated with Insomnia Among Healthcare Workers in Kazakhstan During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Sleep quality and psychological distress among Bangladeshi medical students: Prevalence, predictors, and sex-institutional differences.Global epidemiology · 2026Article
- The Impact of Compassion Fatigue on the Psychological Well-Being of Nurses Caring for Patients with Dementia: A Cross-Sectional Post-COVID-19 Data Analysis.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Museum as a Mindful Space: Reducing Visitors' Stress and Anxiety Levels Through the ASBA Protocol.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Exploring the mediating role of psychological resilience between social support and anxiety in nurses: a cross-sectional study in Chengdu, Sichuan, China.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
31 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, the health professionals who are at the frontline of this crisis have been facing extreme psychological disorders. This research aims to provide an overall scenario of the prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress, as well as insomnia and to inspect the changes in these prevalence over time by analyzing the existing evidence during this COVID-19 pandemic.
methodsA systematic search was performed on March 30, 2021, in PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar databases, and Web of Science. To assess the heterogeneity,
resultsAmong eighty-three eligible studies in the final synthesis, 69 studies (n = 144649) assessed the depression prevalence of 37.12% (95% CI: 31.80-42.43), 75 studies (n = 147435) reported the anxiety prevalence of 41.42% (95% CI: 36.17-46.54), 41 studies (n = 82783) assessed the stress prevalence of 44.86% (95% CI: 36.98-52.74), 21 studies (n = 33370) enunciated the insomnia prevalence of 43.76% (95% CI: 35.83-51.68). The severity of the mental health problems among health professionals increased over the time during January 2020 to September 2020. LIMITATIONS: A significant level of heterogeneity was found among psychological measurement tools and across studies.
conclusionsTherefore, it is an emergency to develop psychological interventions that can protect the mental health of vulnerable groups like health professionals.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.