ArticleAnnals of translational medicine2021
Autophagy attenuates particulate matter 2.5-induced damage in HaCaT cells.
Article in Annals of translational medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Particulate Matter-Induced Skin Injury: A Dual-Pathway AhR-Nrf2 Framework for Epidermal Homeostasis and Therapeutic Targeting.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Particulate matter exposure induces maternal scalp hair loss after birth in C57/B6 mouse via alteration of inflammatory and apoptotic pathways.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Molecular mechanisms of air pollution-induced carcinogenesis and the emerging role of microplastics.Human genomics · 2025Review
- Galangin Mitigates Oxidative Damage Induced by Environmental Stresses in Skin Keratinocytes.International journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- UPLC-ESI-MS/MS-Based Analysis of Various EdibleFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Fine particulate matter promotes airway inflammation and mucin production by activating endoplasmic reticulum stress and the IRE1α/NOD1/NF‑κB pathway.International journal of molecular medicine · 2023Article
- Lycium Barbarum polysaccharide protects HaCaT cells from PM2.5-induced apoptosis via inhibiting oxidative stress, ER stress and autophagy.Redox report : communications in free radical research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundKeratinocyte is a key component of the skin barrier and maintains skin homeostasis. As an environmental pathogenic factor, PM2.5 can cause epidermal cell damage, but the mechanism remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect caused by PM2.5 in HaCaT cells and investigate the underlying mechanisms.
methodsHaCaT cells were treated with PM2.5 for 12 h or 24 h, either alone or combined with UVB irradiation. A Cell Counting Kit (CCK-8) assay was carried out to detect the effect of PM2.5 on HaCaT cell viability. Flow cytometry, Western Blot, and AO staining were employed to detect the changes of apoptosis and autophagy. The changes of cytotoxicity and apoptosis in HaCaT cells were analyzed by CCK-8 and flow cytometry after pretreatment with autophagy inhibitor 3-MA.
resultsThe results showed that PM2.5 induced cytotoxicity by increasing cell apoptosis and activating autophagy. Apoptosis was determined to be increased significantly after autophagy inhibition. Moreover, solar radiation intensified PM2.5-induced damage in HaCaT cells, which further enhanced the autophagy. However, there was no significant difference in apoptosis after inhibition of autophagy in combined treatment.
conclusionsOur data reveals that PM2.5 induces damage in HaCaT cells, and autophagy plays a protective role to promote cell survival.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.