ReviewJournal of materials chemistry. C2021
n-Type organic semiconducting polymers: stability limitations, design considerations and applications.
Review in Journal of materials chemistry. C, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 292 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Deciphering the Crystallinity-Dependent Sensitivity of Charge Injection in n-Channel Organic Transistors: Reliable Characterization and Optimized Performance.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Synthetic Method-Defect Correlations in Aldol Polycondensation: From Model Reactions to an n-Type Thiazolothioazole Copolymer.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2026Article
- Hydrogel-Based Semiconductors: Principles, Types, and Emerging Applications.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Inducing Chirality in n-Type Conjugated Polymers by Chiral Solvents for the Development of Spin Transistors.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2026Article
- Numerical analysis and performance optimization of a poly(3-hexylthiophene):polynaphthalene-bithiophene heterostructure device using SCAPS-1D simulation.Nanoscale advances · 2026Article
- Side-Chain Free Semiconducting Polymer for High-Performance n-Type Organic Electrochemical Transistors.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2026Article
- Mechanical Stability of Amorphous Silicon Thin-Film Devices on Polyimide for Flexible Sensor Platforms.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Multi- and All-Acceptor Polymers for High-Performance n-Type Polymer Field Effect Transistors.Polymers · 2025Review
- Tuning the Air Stability of N-Type Semiconductors via Poly(2-vinylpyridine): The Importance of Humidity and Molecular Weight.Small science · 2025Article
- Logic Circuits Featuring Organic Electrochemical Transistors: What is the Logic Behind OECTs in Logic?Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Biochemical Pathways for n-Type Doping: An Electron Transfer Relay from Saccharide to Organic Semiconductors.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Article
- Stretchable complementary integrated electronics based on elastic dual-type transistors.Science advances · 2025Article
- Probing Femtosecond Charge Transfer Dynamics in P3HT-WSACS omega · 2025Article
- Hitchhiker's Guide to the Preparation of Novel Benzimidazoline-Based n‑Type Dopants.Chemistry of materials : a publication of the American Chemical Society · 2025Article
- Carrier Mobility, Electrical Conductivity, and Photovoltaic Properties of Ordered Nanostructures Assembled from Semiconducting Polymers.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Feedstock-Derived Thiophene Radical Anions Exhibiting Redox Stability at Extreme Potentials.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2025Article
- Unveiling the Effects of Hydroxyl-Induced Trap States on the Charge Transport in p- and n-Channel Organic Field-Effect Transistors through Variable-Temperature Characterization.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Article
- Versatile Direct (Hetero)Arylation Polymerization of Electro-Deficient Unsubstituted Thiazolo[5,4-d]Thiazole: A Tool to Lower the LUMO Level.Macromolecular rapid communications · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This review outlines the design strategies which aim to develop high performing n-type materials in the fields of organic thin film transistors (OTFT), organic electrochemical transistors (OECT) and organic thermoelectrics (OTE). Figures of merit for each application and the limitations in obtaining these are set out, and the challenges with achieving consistent and comparable measurements are addressed. We present a thorough discussion of the limitations of n-type materials, particularly their ambient operational instability, and suggest synthetic methods to overcome these. This instability originates from the oxidation of the negative polaron of the organic semiconductor (OSC) by water and oxygen, the potentials of which commonly fall within the electrochemical window of n-type OSCs, and consequently require a LUMO level deeper than ∼-4 eV for a material with ambient stability. Recent high performing n-type materials are detailed for each application and their design principles are discussed to explain how synthetic modifications can enhance performance. This can be achieved through a number of strategies, including utilising an electron deficient acceptor-acceptor backbone repeat unit motif, introducing electron-withdrawing groups or heteroatoms, rigidification and planarisation of the polymer backbone and through increasing the conjugation length. By studying the fundamental synthetic design principles which have been employed to date, this review highlights a path to the development of promising polymers for n-type OSC applications in the future.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.