ArticleFrontiers in immunology2021
Increased Frequency of Activated Switched Memory B Cells and Its Association With the Presence of Pulmonary Fibrosis in Diffuse Cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis Patients.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multi-omics approaches in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic targets and precision medicine.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Reduced IgM natural autoantibody levels against heat shock proteins are associated with disease severity in juvenile idiopathic arthritis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Serum CXCL-13 levels in patients with progressive systemic sclerosis are associated with the severity of interstitial lung disease.Rheumatology advances in practice · 2026Article
- Mendelian Randomization Reveals Genetic Associations Between Immune Traits and Urethral Stricture.Mediators of inflammation · 2026Article
- Regulators and Conductors of Immunity: Natural Immune System in Health and Autoimmunity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Emerging therapeutic targets in systemic sclerosis.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2024Review
- Altered Levels of Natural Autoantibodies against Heat Shock Proteins in Pregnant Women with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Following Natural Autoantibodies: Further Immunoserological Evidence Regarding Their Silent Plasticity and Engagement in Immune Activation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Anti-topoisomerase 1 Antibody Level Changes after B Cell Depletion Therapy in Systemic Sclerosis.Doklady. Biochemistry and biophysics · 2023Article
- Contributions of Immune Cells and Stromal Cells to the Pathogenesis of Systemic Sclerosis: Recent Insights.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- The Role of B Cells in Scleroderma Lung Disease Pathogenesis.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Review
- Increased expression of the ectoenzyme CD38 in peripheral blood plasmablasts and plasma cells of patients with systemic sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Pathogenetic Aspects of Systemic Sclerosis: A View Through the Prism of B Cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Review
- Full-Length Transcriptome: A Reliable Alternative for Single-Cell RNA-Seq Analysis in the Spleen of Teleost Without Reference Genome.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Disease-associated, high-affinity pathological autoantibody production is a well-described consequence of immune dysregulation affecting B cells in systemic sclerosis (SSc), including the distribution of B-cell subsets. We have previously shown that the increased relative frequency of CD19+CD27+IgD- switched memory B cells is associated with the severe form of SSc. This study sought to analyze memory B cell subsets using an extended range of markers for further subdivision based on CD19, IgD, CD27, CD38 and CD95 phenotype, to define relationship between the alterations of memory B cell subsets and the clinical features of SSc. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 21 SSc patients, including 14 diffuse (dcSSc) and 7 limited (lcSSc) cutaneous SSc patients, with disease duration of 2.7 ( ± 1.6) years. After purification of CD19+ B cells, multiparametric flow cytometry was performed and the frequencies of CD19+IgD-CD27-CD38+ double negative (DN) 1, CD19+IgDloCD27+CD38+ unswitched, CD19+IgD-CD27+CD38+CD95- resting switched and CD19+IgD-CD27+CD38-CD95+ activated switched memory (ASM) B cells were determined, and correlated with clinical features of SSc. The dcSSc patients had a higher frequency of ASM B cells (p = 0.028) compared to lcSSc patients. The percentage of ASM B cells was elevated in anti-Scl-70 (anti-topoisomerase I) antibody positive patients compared to negative patients (p = 0.016). Additionally, the frequency of ASM B cells was also increased in patients with pulmonary fibrosis (p = 0.003) suggesting that patients with severe form of SSc have higher ASM B cell ratios. Furthermore, the ratio of DN1 B cells was decreased (p = 0.029), while the level of anti-citrate synthase IgG natural autoantibody was elevated (p = 0.028) in patients with active disease. Our observations on the increase of ASM B cells in dcSSc and in patients with pulmonary fibrosis may point to the association of this alteration with the severe form of the disease. Functionally the correlation of ASM B cells as effector memory-plasma cell precursors with anti-topoisomerase I antibody positivity could reflect their contribution to pathological autoantibody production, whereas the decrease of memory precursor DN B cells and the increase of anti-citrate synthase IgG autoantibody may have potential significance in the assessment of disease activity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.