ReviewFrontiers in immunology2021
Unraveling the Mystery Surrounding Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 142 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
142 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 240 citations in OpenAlex.
- Symptomatology of Long COVID Associated with Inherited and Acquired Thrombophilic Conditions: A Systematic Review.Viruses · 2025Pooled it
- How traditional Chinese exercise (Daoyin) can help COVID-19 patients relieve psychological symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Systematic review with meta-analysis of active herpesvirus infections in patients with COVID-19: Old players on the new field.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2023Pooled it
- Post-acute COVID-19 symptom risk in hospitalized and non-hospitalized COVID-19 survivors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Prevalence of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome symptoms at different follow-up periods: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases · 2022Pooled it
- Immunological effects of supervised exercise in long COVID in adults: A secondary analysis of a randomized crossover trial.Physiological reports · 2026Trial
- Modulating subjective and objective cognitive state fatigue in long COVID with repetitive anodal tDCS: results from a double-blinded randomized controlled trial.BMC neuroscience · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Review
- Review
- Nutritional Approaches to Managing Brain Fog: Insights Into Neuroinflammation, the Gut-brain Axis, and Sleep.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- Effects of therapeutic interventions on long COVID: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- The silent legacy of COVID-19: exploring genomic instability in long-term COVID-19 survivors.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Elevated amputation rates in COVID-19 survivors: Insights from a large-scale Japanese cohort study.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2025Article
- COVID-19 infection and its association with severe malaria & dengue: an epidemiological study from Southern India.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Observational
- Prevalence of Persistent Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Abnormalities on PET/MRI and DECT Imaging in Long COVID Patients.Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine · 2025Article
- Prevalence, Evolution and Prognostic Factors of PASC in a Cohort of Patients Discharged from a COVID Unit.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges in Lyme Disease and Co-Infections: Unraveling Neuropsychiatric and Neurological Complexities-A Comprehensive Case Series Analysis.Integrative medicine (Encinitas, Calif.) · 2025Article
- Optimization of a panel of behavioral tests for use in containment using a golden Syrian hamster model.Journal of virological methods · 2025Article
82 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
More than one year since its emergence, corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still looming large with a paucity of treatment options. To add to this burden, a sizeable subset of patients who have recovered from acute COVID-19 infection have reported lingering symptoms, leading to significant disability and impairment of their daily life activities. These patients are considered to suffer from what has been termed as "chronic" or "long" COVID-19 or a form of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19, and patients experiencing this syndrome have been termed COVID-19 long-haulers. Despite recovery from infection, the persistence of atypical chronic symptoms, including extreme fatigue, shortness of breath, joint pains, brain fogs, anxiety and depression, that could last for months implies an underlying disease pathology that persist beyond the acute presentation of the disease. As opposed to the direct effects of the virus itself, the immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is believed to be largely responsible for the appearance of these lasting symptoms, possibly through facilitating an ongoing inflammatory process. In this review, we hypothesize potential immunological mechanisms underlying these persistent and prolonged effects, and describe the multi-organ long-term manifestations of COVID-19.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.