ArticleFrontiers in immunology2021
The Spectrum of C4d Deposition in Renal Biopsies of Lupus Nephritis Patients.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Kidney Biopsy and Prognosis in Lupus Nephritis: Histological Predictors of Renal Outcome-A Narrative Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Article
- Autoantibody repertoire in lupus nephritis: from pathogenic mechanisms to clinical integration for precision decision-making.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Correlation between serum complement component 4 levels and tubular atrophy in patients with lupus nephritis.Renal failure · 2025Article
- Urine proteins reveal distinct coagulation and complement cascades underlying acute versus chronic lupus nephritis.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- A Novel Perspective on Tubular C4d Positivity in BK Polyomavirus Nephropathy.Kidney international reports · 2025Article
- From promise to practice: evaluating the clinical impact of FcRn inhibition in IgG-mediated autoimmune rheumatic diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Lupus Nephritis Biomarkers: A Critical Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- The role of complement in kidney disease.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2023Review
- Complement as a Biomarker for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Renal C4d is a potential biomarker of disease activity and severity in pediatric lupus nephritis patients.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Article
- Current Insights on Biomarkers in Lupus Nephritis: A Systematic Review of the Literature.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Thrombotic microangiopathy mediates poor prognosis among lupus nephritisFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Distinction of early complement classical and lectin pathway activationFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- C4d as a Screening Tool and an Independent Predictor of Clinical Outcomes in Lupus Nephritis and IgA Nephropathy.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Immunofluorescence Use and Techniques in Glomerular Diseases: A Review.Glomerular diseasesReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and localization of complement factor C4d in renal biopsies from patients with lupus nephritis (LN), as well as its associations with the disease's clinico-pathological features. The correlation between arteriolar C4d deposition and renal microvascular lesions (RVLs) was further analyzed. Methods: A total of 325 biopsy-proven LN patients were enrolled, and their clinico-pathological data were collected. C4d staining of renal biopsies was performed by immunohistochemistry. The associations between C4d deposition and the clinico-pathological features were further analyzed. Results: C4d deposition was present in most (98.8%) renal specimens in our cohort. These deposits were localized in the glomeruli (98.2%), tubular basement membrane (TBM) (43.7%), arterioles (31.4%), and peritubular capillary (33.8%). Patients with TBM C4d staining had higher disease activity (measured with the Systemic Lupus Erythematous Disease Activity Index) and higher National Institutes of Health pathological activity and chronicity indices (all Conclusions: C4d deposition was common in renal tissues from LN patients. TBM C4d deposition was related to the disease activity, and arteriolar C4d deposition was associated with RVLs and worse renal outcomes.
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