ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2021
Joint perceptions of the risk and availability of Cannabis in the United States, 2002-2018.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Neurometabolite Alterations Associated With Cannabis Use: A Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Meta-Analysis.Human brain mapping · 2025Pooled it
- A preliminary randomized controlled trial of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation applied to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in treatment seeking participants with cannabis use disorder.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2024Trial
- Bedtime tetrahydrocannabinol ingestion reduces morning orthostatic cardiovascular reactivity in adults: An exploratory study.Physiological reports · 2026Article
- Characteristics of cannabis warnings in the United States: A content analysis.Preventive medicine reports · 2026Article
- Innovations in health behavior research: Current status and strategic future directions.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Associations between modes of cannabis use and cannabis use disorder: Evidence from the 2022 to 2023 United States National Survey on Drug Use and Health.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Article
- Cannabis products and risk perceptions among people who consume and do not consume cannabis in the UK: findings from the International Cannabis Policy Study.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Perceived Availability of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide in the United States from 2015 to 2019.Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Adult Rat Offspring Exposed to THC during Gestation Exhibit Distinct Biomolecular Changes Identified by X-ray Fluorescence Imaging and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy in Cortico-Limbic Circuits.ACS chemical neuroscience · 2026Article
- A videogame for perceived risk of harm from opioid misuse in adolescents: a randomized controlled trial.Nature health · 2026Article
- Cannabis Legalization and Cannabis Use Disorder by Sex in Veterans Health Administration Patients, 2005-2019.Substance use & misuse · 2026Article
- Social Media Engagement, Youth E-Cigarette Use, and the Moderating Potential of Harm Perceptions.Tobacco use insights · 2026Article
- Patterns of Cannabis Use and Perceived Accessibility Among Underage U.S. Young Adults: Implications for Policy and Prevention.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2026Article
- Content Analysis of Derived Intoxicating Cannabis Vape Product Attributes and Marketing In an Online Retail Environment.Substance use & misuse · 2026Article
- Labeling of Cannabis Products From Licensed and Unlicensed Retailers in New York.American journal of preventive medicine · 2025Article
- Prevalence and trends in cannabis use disorder and cannabis poisoning among Medicaid enrollees: a multistate analysis, 2011-2022.Health affairs scholar · 2025Article
- Perceptions of cannabis warnings and recommendations for improvement: a qualitative study with people who use cannabis from the United States.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Gender differences in cannabis outcomes after recreational legalization: a United States repeated cross-sectional study, 2008-2017.International journal of mental health and addiction · 2025Article
- Association of cigarette and e-cigarette use with cannabis-related risk perceptions and intentions.Journal of cannabis research · 2025Article
- Cannabis Use During Pregnancy Correlates With Adverse Maternal Mental Health Outcomes: A Retrospective Study.Cureus · 2025Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrior work suggests that perceived risk and perceived availability of cannabis independently affect cannabis use. However, perceived risk likely modifies the effect of perceived availability, and vice versa. This study explored trends in joint perceived risk and availability of cannabis from 2002 to 2018 and the relationship between combined perceptions and cannabis use, frequent use, and cannabis use disorder (CUD).
methodsNational Surveys on Drug Use and Health data (n = 949,285, ages 12+) were used to create combined categories of perceived risk of weekly cannabis use and perceived cannabis availability. Descriptive analyses compared joint perceived risk/availability trends (pre/post-2015 due to survey redesign) overall and stratified by age, gender, past-year cannabis use, frequent use, and CUD. Regression analysis estimated associations between perceived risk/availability and cannabis outcomes.
resultsFrom 2002 to 2018, the prevalence of perceiving cannabis as low-risk doubled while perceiving cannabis as available remained unchanged. The proportion of individuals perceiving cannabis as Low-risk/Available increased by 86% from 2002 to 2014 (16.8%-31.2%) and 19% from 2015 to 2018 (30.1%-35.8%) while High-risk/Available and High-risk/Unavailable proportions declined. Differing patterns were observed by age and gender. Compared with individuals perceiving cannabis as High-risk/Unavailable, people in all other perception categories had greater risk of all cannabis outcomes. Results were consistent with additive interaction between perceived risk and availability in their effects on cannabis use.
conclusionsTrends and associations with cannabis outcomes differ when considering perceived risk and availability independently versus jointly. Longitudinal studies and cannabis policy evaluations would advance understanding of links between cannabis perceptions and use.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.