ReviewJournal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia2021
Infectious and immune-mediated central nervous system disease in 48 COVID-19 patients.
Review in Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular Imaging Findings on Acute and Long-Term Effects of COVID-19 on the Brain: A Systematic Review.Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Article
- Long-term, unilateral third cranial nerve palsy, ocular myositis, and high CSF interleukine-2 persisting for 14 months after mild SARS-CoV-2 infection-case report.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2024Article
- Parainfectious Brown-Séquard syndrome associated with COVID-19.BMJ case reports · 2023Article
- COVID-19 infection: a possible induction factor for development of autoimmune diseases?Immunologic research · 2023Review
- Article
- Autoimmune meningoencephalitis associated with anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody following COVID-19 infection: A case report.Clinical case reports · 2022Article
- COVID-19-Associated Encephalitis: Two Case Reports.Cureus · 2022Article
- The case of fatal acute hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalitis in a two-month-old boy with Covid-19.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2022Article
- Presence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Guillain-Barré Syndrome Patients Requires Validation.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo summarise and discuss current knowledge about SARS-CoV-2-associated infectious/immune-mediatedcentral nervous system (CNS)-disease.
methodLiterature review.
resultsAltogether 28 articles were found, which reported 48 patients with SARS-CoV-2-associated infectious/immune-mediatedCNS-disease. Age ranged from 22 to 79y. There was male preponderance. There were 14 patients with infectious CNS-disease (meningitis (n = 1), encephalitis (n = 5), meningo-encephalitis (n = 5), myelitis (n = 3)), and 34 patients with parainfectious CNS-disease (encephalopathy (n = 18), autoimmune encephalitis (n = 11), acute, disseminated, encephalo-myelitis (n = 3), acute, haemorrhagic, necrotizing encephalopathy (n = 2)). The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was tested for SARS-CoV-2 in 40 patients and was positive for the virus in 4 patients with infectious CNS-disease but was negative for the virus in all patients with parainfectious CNS-disease. Immune-modulating treatment may be more effective than virostatics/antibiotics for SARS-CoV-2-associated infectious/parainfectious, non-vascular, non-hypoxic CNS-disease. In patients with autoimmune encephalitis plasmapheresis may be beneficial. Twenty-two patients recovered, 2 did not, and 6 patients died.
conclusionsSARS-CoV-2 can cause infectious/immune-mediatedCNS-disease. The CSF is positive for virus-RNA in only few patients with infectious CNS-disease but negative for virus-RNA in immune-mediatedCNS-disease, suggesting an immune-mediated pathophysiological mechanism. The outcome of SARS-CoV-2-associated infectious/immune-mediatedCNS-disease is favourable in the majority of cases but can be fatal in single cases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.