Assessment of energy vulnerability in urban crowded space of Indian Himalaya.

Energy poverty poses a serious threat to the urban population residing in Himalayan towns. The present study aims to assess energy vulnerability in the urban settlement of Indian Himalayan Region (IHR). The study addresses energy access and affordability; its requirement, practices, and efficiency, considering the quality of electricity, dwelling type, transport facilities, energy expenditure, household chores (cooking, heating, cooling, lighting, etc.), awareness, and social interactions. The study uses an energy vulnerability framework based on IPCC indices to investigate the status of energy vulnerability in the urban space of Dehradun, the Indian Himalayan Region. The primary data was collected from two circular regions of the city, an area close to the central place and an area outlying from the central place, respectively. The energy vulnerability index was 0.31 and 0.34 with varying degrees of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. The findings reveal that energy vulnerability could jeopardize the well-being of the society and could be mitigated through appropriate policy measures, intensive support to sensitive societies, and a developmental approach focusing on sustainable energy. The study provides a theoretical base to conduct extensive research addressing a similar issue in other Himalayan towns.