ReviewMolecular metabolism2021
Insulin action at a molecular level - 100 years of progress.
Review in Molecular metabolism, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 118 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
118 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 189 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metabolomics profile in diabetes and blood glucose regulation: a systematic review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- The effect of chronic high-intensity interval training programs on glycaemic control, aerobic resistance, and body composition in type 2 diabetic patients: a meta-analysis.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2023Pooled it
- Insulin resistance in the 21st century: new takes on an old problem-2025 Diabetes, Diabetes Care, and Diabetologia Expert Forum.Diabetologia · 2026Review
- Functional annotation of insulin-responsive genes in human adipocytes reveals PLCXD1 as a lipid storage regulator.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Functional Connections Between Insulin and Neurotrophin-3 in Hemodialysis Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Intranasal Administration of Insulin and IGF-1 Protects Hippocampal CA1 Neurons Against Transient Global Forebrain Ischemia by Inhibiting Autophagy, Apoptosis and Neuroinflammation: A Comparative Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Impact of Prematurity on Nutrient Signaling and Protein Synthesis in Skeletal Muscle.Annual review of nutrition · 2026Review
- Article
- The Complex Relation of Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Inflammation in the Obesity and Diabetes Context.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026Review
- Role of MIR-101-3P/RAP1B Axis and Insulin Protection in Glucose-Induced Stress in HK-2 Cell Model for Diabetic Kidney Disease.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2026Article
- An engineered insulin analog with dual insulin and IGF-1 receptor agonism and distinct signaling.Science advances · 2026Article
- Inter-organ metabolic feedback via BCAA catabolism regulates glucagon-like hormone secretion in Drosophila.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Reprogramming insulin receptor activation with a de novo agonist to overcome severe insulin resistance.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Pancreatic fat deposition as a mediator of adrenal gland volume and type 2 diabetes: evidence from MRI.BMC medical imaging · 2026Article
- Insulin Resistance in Systemic Sclerosis: Decoding Its Association with Severe Clinical Phenotype.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Determination of protein markers of inflammasome formation and ferroptosis in thyroid cancer based on gender.Journal of Cancer · 2026Article
- Expanding the understanding of insulin resistance in brain and periphery.Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM · 2026Review
- The multifunctional role of bovine colostrum in managing diabetes: clinical insights and potential therapeutic effects.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Review
- Golgi-associated TRAF6 as a regulator of protein convertase FURIN for insulin receptor precursor processing.Science China. Life sciences · 2025Article
- Fructose and follistatin potentiate acute MASLD during complete hepatic insulin resistance.Nature communications · 2025Article
58 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The discovery of insulin 100 years ago and its application to the treatment of human disease in the years since have marked a major turning point in the history of medicine. The availability of purified insulin allowed for the establishment of its physiological role in the regulation of blood glucose and ketones, the determination of its amino acid sequence, and the solving of its structure. Over the last 50 years, the function of insulin has been applied into the discovery of the insulin receptor and its signaling cascade to reveal the role of impaired insulin signaling-or resistance-in the progression of type 2 diabetes. It has also become clear that insulin signaling can impact not only classical insulin-sensitive tissues, but all tissues of the body, and that in many of these tissues the insulin signaling cascade regulates unexpected physiological functions. Despite these remarkable advances, much remains to be learned about both insulin signaling and how to use this molecular knowledge to advance the treatment of type 2 diabetes and other insulin-resistant states.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.