Trial reportDiabetes research and clinical practice2021
Differential loss of β-cell function in youth vs. adults following treatment withdrawal in the Restoring Insulin Secretion (RISE) study.
Trial report in Diabetes research and clinical practice, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It reports registered trial NCT01779362. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Restoring Insulin Secretion Adult Medication Study
Open the trial in the graphRestoring Insulin Secretion Pediatric Medication Study
Open the trial in the graphWho cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global, regional, and national cascades of diabetes care, 2000-23: a systematic review and modelling analysis using findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study.The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Insulin clearance at randomisation and in response to treatment in youth with type 2 diabetes: a secondary analysis of the TODAY randomised clinical trial.Diabetologia · 2025Trial
- Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes and Tirzepatide Treatment: A Post Hoc Analysis From the SURPASS Clinical Trial Program.Diabetes care · 2024Trial
- Outcomes in youth-onset type 2 diabetes during the transition period: glycemic control, microvascular complications, and effects of second-line agents.Annals of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism · 2026Article
- Exploratory real-world experience with GLP-1 receptor agonists vs. metformin in youth with new-onset type 2 diabetes: a single-center retrospective study.Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM · 2026Article
- Treatment of Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes: Focus on SGLT-2 Inhibitor Use.Pediatric diabetes · 2026Review
- Article
- Feasibility, Acceptability, and Validity of Home Continuous Glucose Monitoring-Based Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Youth.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Observational
- Young-onset type 2 diabetes-Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2025Review
- Effects of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists on Paediatric Population in a Real World Setting.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2025Article
- A mathematical model for ketosis-prone diabetes suggests the existence of multiple pancreatic β-cell inactivation mechanisms.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Global trends and hotspots of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents: A bibliometric study and visualization analysis.World journal of diabetes · 2025Article
- Determinants of Course of Type 2 Diabetes in Indian Adolescents.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Inaccurate diagnosis of diabetes type in youth: prevalence, characteristics, and implications.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Changing landscape of diabetes in Asia - What are the unmet needs?Journal of diabetes investigation · 2024Review
- Statins-Beyond Their Use in Hypercholesterolemia: Focus on the Pediatric Population.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Unmet Needs in the Treatment of Childhood Type 2 Diabetes: A Narrative Review.Advances in therapy · 2023Review
- Effect of Early Glycemic Control in Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes on Longer-Term Glycemic Control and β-Cell Function: Results From the TODAY Study.Diabetes care · 2023Article
- Imprecise Diagnosis of Diabetes Type in Youth: Prevalence, Characteristics, and Implications.Research square · 2023Article
- Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes: Burden of Complications and Socioeconomic Cost.Current diabetes reports · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
aimsTo compare OGTT-derived estimates of β-cell function between youth and adults with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes after treatment discontinuation in RISE.
methodsYouth (n = 89) and adults (n = 132) were randomized to 3 months glargine followed by 9 months metformin (G/M) or 12 months metformin (MET). Insulin sensitivity and β-cell responses were estimated from 3-hour OGTTs over 21 months. Linear mixed models tested for differences by time and age group within each treatment arm.
resultsAfter treatment withdrawal, HbA1c increased in both youth and adults with a larger net increase in G/M youth vs. adults at 21 months. Among youth, β-cell function decreased starting at 12 months in G/M and 15 months in MET. Among adults, β-cell function remained relatively stable although insulin secretion rates decreased in G/M at 21 months. At 21 months vs. baseline β-cell function declined to a greater extent in youth vs. adults in both the G/M and MET treatment arms.
conclusionsAfter treatment withdrawal youth demonstrated progressive decline in β-cell function after stopping treatment with either G/M or MET. In contrast, β-cell function in adults remained stable despite an increase in HbA1c over time. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01779375 and NCT01779362 at clinical trials.gov.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.