ReviewThe Journal of infectious diseases2021
Intestinal Biopsies for the Evaluation of Environmental Enteropathy and Environmental Enteric Dysfunction.
Review in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of lipid-based nutrient supplements on gut markers in stunted children: Secondary analysis of a randomised trial.Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition · 2025Trial
- Lack of Associations between Environmental Exposures and Environmental Enteric Dysfunction among 18-Month-Old Children in Rural Malawi.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- Article
- Plasma lipopolysaccharide levels predict mortality in acutely ill children in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Is there dietary macronutrient malabsorption in children with environmental enteropathy?European journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Review
- Performance of empirical and model-based classifiers for detecting sucrase-isomaltase inhibition using theJournal of breath research · 2024Article
- Histopathology underlying environmental enteric dysfunction in a cohort study of undernourished children in Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Zambia compared with United States children.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2024Article
- Article
- Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine: Recent Developments and the Tortuous Path to Global Acceptance.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Small Intestine Bacterial Overgrowth is associated with increased Campylobacter and epithelial injury in duodenal biopsies of Bangladeshi children.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Article
- Environmental enteric dysfunction: gut and microbiota adaptation in pregnancy and infancy.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2023Review
- Potential determinants of low circulating glucagon-like peptide 2 concentrations in Zambian children with non-responsive stunting.Experimental physiology · 2023Article
- ApoE Mimetic Peptides to Improve the Vicious Cycle of Malnutrition and Enteric Infections by Targeting the Intestinal and Blood-Brain Barriers.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Putative Biomarkers of Environmental Enteric Disease Fail to Correlate in a Cross-Sectional Study in Two Study Sites in Sub-Saharan Africa.Nutrients · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is a syndrome characterized by impairments of digestion and absorption and intestinal barrier failure in people living in insanitary or tropical environments. There is substantial evidence that it contributes to impaired linear growth of millions of children in low- and middle-income countries, to slowed neurocognitive development, and to diminished responses to oral vaccines. It represents the functional consequences of environmental enteropathy, an asymptomatic inflammatory disorder of the mucosa, and there is considerable overlap with the enteropathy observed in severe clinical malnutrition. The majority of studies of EED have employed functional tests based on lactulose permeation to define the presence of abnormal leak in the gut. However, where intestinal biopsies can safely be collected the opportunity then arises to study the underlying enteropathy in cellular and molecular detail, as well as to measure important functional elements such as enzyme expression. The purpose of this narrative review is to summarize the current understanding of environmental enteropathy obtained from small intestinal biopsies, and prospects for future work. We review histology, electron microscopy, transcription and protein expression, physiological measures, and the microbiome. We conclude that while noninvasive biomarkers of enteropathy and intestinal dysfunction permit large-scale studies of unquestionable value, intestinal biopsies are still required to investigate pathophysiology in depth.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.