Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34273070›Full record

ReviewHeart failure reviews2022

Current and emerging drug targets in heart failure treatment.

Nicolò Ghionzoli, Francesco Gentile, Anna Maria Del Franco, Vincenzo Castiglione, Alberto Aimo, Alberto Giannoni, Silvia Burchielli, Matteo Cameli, Michele Emdin, Giuseppe Vergaro

Open access · hybridAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Heart failure reviews, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
34citing papers in PubMed
6.6field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

34 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.

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  14. Unlocking Novel Therapeutic Potential of Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Nicolò GhionzoliDepartment of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
Francesco GentileCardiology Division, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Anna Maria Del FrancoDivision of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Via Moruzzi, 1 - 56124, Pisa, Italy.
Vincenzo CastiglioneCardiology Division, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Alberto AimoInstitute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.
Alberto GiannoniDivision of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Via Moruzzi, 1 - 56124, Pisa, Italy.
Silvia BurchielliFondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy.
Matteo CameliDepartment of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
Michele EmdinDivision of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Via Moruzzi, 1 - 56124, Pisa, Italy.
Giuseppe VergaroDivision of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Via Moruzzi, 1 - 56124, Pisa, Italy. vergaro@ftgm.it.
Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna · ITAzienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana · ITFondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio · ITUniversity of Siena · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

After initial strategies targeting inotropism and congestion, the neurohormonal interpretative model of heart failure (HF) pathophysiology has set the basis for current pharmacological management of HF, as most of guideline recommended drug classes, including beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, blunt the activation of detrimental neurohormonal axes, namely sympathetic and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAAS) systems. More recently, sacubitril/valsartan, a first-in-class angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor, combining inhibition of RAAS and potentiation of the counter-regulatory natriuretic peptide system, has been consistently demonstrated to reduce mortality and HF-related hospitalization. A number of novel pharmacological approaches have been tested during the latest years, leading to mixed results. Among them, drugs acting directly at a second messenger level, such as the soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator vericiguat, or other addressing myocardial energetics and mitochondrial function, such as elamipretide or omecamtiv-mecarbil, will likely change the therapeutic management of patients with HF. Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, initially designed for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus, have been recently demonstrated to improve outcome in HF, although mechanisms of their action on cardiovascular system are yet to be elucidated. Most of these emerging approaches have shifted the therapeutic target from neurohormonal systems to the heart, by improving cardiac contractility, metabolism, fibrosis, inflammation, and remodeling. In the present paper, we review from a pathophysiological perspective current and novel therapeutic strategies in chronic HF.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Heart FailureSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsAminobutyratesAngiotensin Receptor AntagonistsBiphenyl CompoundsHumansStroke VolumeTetrazolesAminobutyratesAngiotensin Receptor AntagonistsBiphenyl CompoundssacubitrilSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsTetrazolesEmerging targetsHeart failureNeurohormonal antagonismPharmacodynamicsPharmacotherapySGLT2 inhibitors

Identifiers

PMID34273070
PMCPMC9197912
OpenAlexW3177958975

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.