ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2021
Wireless Soft Scalp Electronics and Virtual Reality System for Motor Imagery-Based Brain-Machine Interfaces.
Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- EEG-Based BCIs on Motor Imagery Paradigm Using Wearable Technologies: A Systematic Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Pooled it
- Highly stretchable, hair-compatible multichannel neural interface with time-stable hydrogel for high-fidelity long-term EEG sensing.Science advances · 2026Article
- Full-Stack Architectures for Intelligent Brain-Computer Interfaces.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Wrinkle-Adaptive Kirigami Wearables With Anisotropic Deformability for Sleep EEG Monitoring.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Microscale Architectures for Intelligent Soft Robotics: From Functional Microneedles to Biointegrated Wearable Systems.Nano-micro letters · 2026Review
- Free-space optical communications at 4 Gbit/s data rate with a terahertz laser.Communications physics · 2026Article
- Enhancing classification of a large lower-limb motor imagery EEG dataset for BCI in knee pain patients.Scientific data · 2025Article
- Motion artifact-controlled micro-brain sensors between hair follicles for persistent augmented reality brain-computer interfaces.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Designing Multifunctional Microneedles in Biomedical Engineering: Materials, Methods, and Applications.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- Computing with electromagnetic fields rather than binary digits: a route towards artificial general intelligence and conscious AI.Frontiers in systems neuroscience · 2025Article
- Quantitative assessment of signal quality and usability of EEG and EMG recordings with PEDOT:PSS-coated microneedle electrodes.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- Beyond Flexible: Unveiling the Next Era of Flexible Electronic Systems.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2024Review
- Highly stretchable and customizable microneedle electrode arrays for intramuscular electromyography.Science advances · 2024Article
- An EEG motor imagery dataset for brain computer interface in acute stroke patients.Scientific data · 2024Article
- Skin preparation-free, stretchable microneedle adhesive patches for reliable electrophysiological sensing and exoskeleton robot control.Science advances · 2024Article
- Wireless facial biosensing system for monitoring facial palsy with flexible microneedle electrode arrays.NPJ digital medicine · 2024Article
- Versatile On-Chip Programming of Circuit Hardware for Wearable and Implantable Biomedical Microdevices.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Article
- Microneedle-Integrated Sensors for Extraction of Skin Interstitial Fluid and Metabolic Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Soft Electronics for Health Monitoring Assisted by Machine Learning.Nano-micro letters · 2023Review
- Functional microneedles for wearable electronics.Smart medicine · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Motor imagery offers an excellent opportunity as a stimulus-free paradigm for brain-machine interfaces. Conventional electroencephalography (EEG) for motor imagery requires a hair cap with multiple wired electrodes and messy gels, causing motion artifacts. Here, a wireless scalp electronic system with virtual reality for real-time, continuous classification of motor imagery brain signals is introduced. This low-profile, portable system integrates imperceptible microneedle electrodes and soft wireless circuits. Virtual reality addresses subject variance in detectable EEG response to motor imagery by providing clear, consistent visuals and instant biofeedback. The wearable soft system offers advantageous contact surface area and reduced electrode impedance density, resulting in significantly enhanced EEG signals and classification accuracy. The combination with convolutional neural network-machine learning provides a real-time, continuous motor imagery-based brain-machine interface. With four human subjects, the scalp electronic system offers a high classification accuracy (93.22 ± 1.33% for four classes), allowing wireless, real-time control of a virtual reality game.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.