ArticleJournal of youth and adolescence2021
A Within-Individual Examination of the Predictors of Gun Carrying During Adolescence and Young Adulthood Among Young Men.
Article in Journal of youth and adolescence, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Individuals' Experience of Violence in Adolescence and Firearm Violence Victimization in Early Adulthood.Journal of interpersonal violence · 2026Article
- The need for protection: a cross-sectional analysis of direct exposure to firearm violence, attitudes towards firearms for protection, and firearm acquisition in California and Louisiana.Injury epidemiology · 2026Article
- Adapting to the Disconnection: An Examination of School Alienation and Adolescent Gun Carrying.The Journal of school health · 2026Article
- Normative Beliefs Approving of Aggression Moderate the Observational Learning of Weapon Use.Psychology of violence · 2025Article
- Perceptions of neighborhood disorder and gun carrying during adolescence: The indirect effect of exposure to violence.Preventive medicine · 2024Article
- Exposure to Neighborhood Violence and Gun Carrying Among Adolescents in the United States: Findings From A Population-Based Study.Journal of interpersonal violence · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although prior studies have identified several risk factors for gun carrying, no prior longitudinal studies have examined a comprehensive set of explanatory factors together in within-individual change models or examined whether the predictors of gun carrying change across adolescence and early young adulthood. The present study fills these gaps by examining the predictive utility of several risk factors for gun carrying, and by examining whether any of the associations vary by age. The sample included 1216 young men who were arrested for the first time during adolescence (approximately 15 years old) and interviewed regularly for 5 years (until approximately 20 years old) after the first arrest. The outcome was youth-self-reported gun carrying and the risk factors included several variables consistent with various explanations for gun carrying (psychosocial maturity deficits; antisocial behavioral style; socialization; victimization). Research questions were addressed with fixed effects dynamic panel models (within-individual change models). Results showed that the most robust predictors of gun carrying were increased exposure to guns and gun-related violence and increased engagement in other antisocial and illegal behavior. The results emphasize the specific etiology of gun carrying and the potential social contagion effect of gun-related events. Overall, the study points to the need for prevention and intervention programs to specifically target the reduction of the real and perceived prevalence of gun-related events in young men's lives.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.