ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2022
Deliberation, Dissent, and Distrust: Understanding Distinct Drivers of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine Hesitancy in the United States.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A taxonomy of anti-vaccination arguments from a systematic literature review and text modelling.Nature human behaviour · 2023Pooled it
- COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: A Systematic review of cognitive determinants.Health promotion perspectives · 2023Pooled it
- Safety of COVID-19 Pfizer-BioNtech (BNT162b2) mRNA vaccination in adolescents aged 12-17 years: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- Article
- The Moderating Role of Demographic Variables in the Effect of Health Literacy on Anti-Vaccination Sentiment.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Comparative evaluation of machine learning models for predicting COVID-19 vaccine uptake in U.S. adults.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Global vaccine confidence trends among adults above and below age 65.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Medical mistrust and COVID-19 vaccine attitudes and behavior: Findings from a population-based cohort study in Michigan.Vaccine: X · 2025Article
- No negative effect of mentioning COVID-19 vaccine in influenza vaccine encouragements: Evidence from a survey experiment.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Topical fluoride hesitancy and opposition are significantly and positively associated: A cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2025Article
- The 2Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Correlates of COVID-19 vaccination status among college students.Journal of American college health : J of ACH · 2024Article
- Review
- Article
- Article
- Article
- Public Willingness to Mask and Vaccinate in the Future: Results From a 2023 Nationally Representative Survey of US Adults.Health security · 2024Article
- Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: A Cross-Sectional Study in Three Communities in the United States and Lebanon.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Trends in Intention to Take the Second Booster COVID-19 Vaccination and Associated Factors in China: Serial Cross-Sectional Surveys.Vaccines · 2024Article
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDespite the availability of safe and efficacious coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines, a significant proportion of the American public remains unvaccinated and does not appear to be immediately interested in receiving the vaccine.
methodsIn this study, we analyzed data from the US Census Bureau's Household Pulse Survey, a biweekly cross-sectional survey of US households. We estimated the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy across states and nationally and assessed the predictors of vaccine hesitancy and vaccine rejection. In addition, we examined the underlying reasons for vaccine hesitancy, grouped into thematic categories.
resultsA total of 459 235 participants were surveyed from 6 January to 29 March 2021. While vaccine uptake increased from 7.7% to 47%, vaccine hesitancy rates remained relatively fixed: overall, 10.2% reported that they would probably not get a vaccine and 8.2% that they would definitely not get a vaccine. Income, education, and state political leaning strongly predicted vaccine hesitancy. However, while both female sex and black race were factors predicting hesitancy, among those who were hesitant, these same characteristics predicted vaccine reluctance rather than rejection. Those who expressed reluctance invoked mostly "deliberative" reasons, while those who rejected the vaccine were also likely to invoke reasons of "dissent" or "distrust."
conclusionsVaccine hesitancy comprises a sizable proportion of the population and is large enough to threaten achieving herd immunity. Distinct subgroups of hesitancy have distinctive sociodemographic associations as well as cognitive and affective predilections. Segmented public health solutions are needed to target interventions and optimize vaccine uptake.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.