SynthesisScientific reports2021
Zinc status in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.
Synthesis in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Association Between Trace Mineral Concentrations and Oxidative Stress in Children with ADHD Supplemented with Multinutrients.Biological trace element research · 2026Trial
- Effects of Zinc Supplementation on Inflammatory and Cognitive Parameters in Middle-Aged Women with Overweight or Obesity.Nutrients · 2023Trial
- Perturbations of Zinc Homeostasis and Onset of Neuropsychiatric Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Maternal stress, cord blood zinc and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Npj mental health research · 2025Article
- Association of whole blood essential metals with neurodevelopment among preschool children.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- A closer look at the role of nutrition in children and adults with ADHD and neurodivergence.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Association of Magnesium, Iron, Copper, and Zinc Levels with the Prevalence of Behavior Problems in Children and Adolescents.Biological trace element research · 2024Article
- Investigating the Impact of Nutrition and Oxidative Stress on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.Nutrients · 2024Review
- A systematic meta-review of systematic reviews on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2023Review
- Nutrition in the Management of ADHD: A Review of Recent Research.Current nutrition reports · 2023Review
- Hair zinc levels and psychosis risk among adolescents.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Previous studies regarding the zinc status in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) yielded inconsistent results. Thus, the present meta-analysis was aimed to estimate the association between hair and serum/plasma zinc levels and ADHD. Online databases of Medline, EMBASE, and Scopus were searched up to October 2020 with no limitation in time and language. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) of hair and serum/plasma zinc levels were calculated using a random-effects model. Overall, 22 articles with 1280 subjects with ADHD and 1200 controls were included. The pooled effect size indicated that serum/plasma zinc levels in subjects with ADHD were not statistically different than their controls (WMD = - 1.26 µmol/L; 95% CI - 3.72, 1.20). Interestingly, the exclusion of one study from the analysis showed that people with ADHD significantly have lower circulating levels of zinc compared to their controls (WMD: - 2.49 µmol/L; 95% CI - 4.29, - 0.69). Also, the pooled effect size indicated that hair zinc levels in cases with ADHD were not statistically different than their controls (WMD = - 24.19 μg/g; 95% CI - 61.80, 13.42). Present meta-analysis raises the possibility that subjects with ADHD are prone to have declined levels of zinc levels. Based on current findings, screening the zinc levels in subjects with ADHD could be reasonable. Further well-designed studies are needed to clarify the role of zinc in the etiology of ADHD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.