Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34271169›Full record

ArticleActa biomaterialia2021

Structure-function specialisation of the interfascicular matrix in the human achilles tendon.

Dharmesh Patel, Danae E Zamboulis, Ewa M Spiesz, Helen L Birch, Peter D Clegg, Chavaunne T Thorpe, Hazel R C Screen

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Acta biomaterialia, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed
2.7field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Investigation of the effects of acrylamide on tendon healing in rats.Acta orthopaedica et traumatologica turcica · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. The cellular basis of fibrotic tendon healing: now in higher definition.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2026
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Achilles tendinopathy.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2025
    Review
  8. Tendon mechanobiology in the context of tendon biofabrication.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. LeveragingFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024
    Review
  12. Guidelines for ex vivo mechanical testing of tendon.Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2023
    Review
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.

Dharmesh PatelInstitute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
Danae E ZamboulisDepartment of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK.
Ewa M SpieszDepartment of Bionanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Building 58, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, the Netherlands.
Helen L BirchInstitute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, UCL, Stanmore Campus, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex, HA7 4LP, UK.
Peter D CleggDepartment of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK; The Medical Research Council Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), University of Liverpool, West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK.
Chavaunne T ThorpeDepartment of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK.
Hazel R C ScreenInstitute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK. Electronic address: h.r.c.screen@qmul.ac.uk.
Queen Mary University of London · GBDelft University of Technology · NLMedical Research Council · GBRoyal Veterinary College · GBStanmore College · GBUniversity of Liverpool · GB

Funding

Medical Research CouncilVersus Arthritis 20262Versus Arthritis 21216
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Tendon consists of highly aligned collagen-rich fascicles surrounded by interfascicular matrix (IFM). Some tendons act as energy stores to improve locomotion efficiency, but such tendons commonly obtain debilitating injuries. In equine tendons, energy storing is achieved primarily through specialisation of the IFM. However, no studies have investigated IFM structure-function specialisation in human tendons. Here, we compare the human positional anterior tibial tendon and energy storing Achilles tendons, testing the hypothesis that the Achilles tendon IFM has specialised composition and mechanical properties, which are lost with ageing. Data demonstrate IFM specialisation in the energy storing Achilles, with greater elasticity and fatigue resistance than in the positional anterior tibial tendon. With ageing, alterations occur predominantly to the proteome of the Achilles IFM, which are likely responsible for the observed trends towards decreased fatigue resistance. Knowledge of these key energy storing specialisations and their changes with ageing offers crucial insight towards developing treatments for tendinopathy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Developing effective therapeutics or preventative measures for tendon injury necessitates the understanding of healthy tendon function and mechanics. By establishing structure-function relationships in human tendon and determining how these are affected by ageing, potential targets for therapeutics can be identified. In this study, we have used a combination of mechanical testing, immunolabelling and proteomics analysis to study structure-function specialisations in human tendon. We demonstrate that the interfascicular matrix is specialised for energy storing in the Achilles tendon, and that its proteome is altered with ageing, which is likely responsible for the observed trends towards decreased fatigue resistance. Knowledge of these key energy storing specialisations and their changes with ageing offers crucial insight towards developing treatments and preventative approaches for tendinopathy.

Indexed as

Achilles TendonTendinopathyTendon InjuriesAgingAnimalsCollagenHorsesHumansCollagenAgeingAnterior tibialis tendonFasciclesInterfascicular matrixMass spectrometryMechanical testing

Identifiers

PMID34271169
PMCPMC8388240
OpenAlexW3177551137

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.