Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34270967›Full record

ReviewChest2021

Precision Medicine and Heterogeneity of Treatment Effect in Therapies for ARDS.

Yasin A Khan, Eddy Fan, Niall D Ferguson

Open access · bronzeAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Chest, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
39citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
5.9field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

39 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Guideline
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. ARDS and corticosteroids: beyond COVID-19.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2026
    Review
  10. Observational
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Defining the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome - Are You a Splitter or a Lumper? The Choice Matters more than You Think.Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine · 2025
    Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Yasin A KhanInterdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Eddy FanInterdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Niall D FergusonInterdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. Electronic address: n.ferguson@utoronto.ca.
Toronto General Hospital · CAToronto General Hospital Research InstituteUniversity of Toronto · CA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

ARDS is a clinically heterogeneous syndrome, rather than a distinct disease. This heterogeneity at least partially explains the difficulty in studying treatments for these patients and contributes to the numerous trials of therapies for the syndrome that have not shown benefit. Recent studies have identified different subphenotypes within the heterogeneous patient population. These different subphenotypes likely have variable clinical responses to specific therapies, a concept known as heterogeneity of treatment effect. Recognizing different subphenotypes and heterogeneity of treatment effect has important implications for the clinical management of patients with ARDS. This review presents studies that have identified different subphenotypes and discusses how they can modify the effects of therapies evaluated in trials that are commonly considered to have shown no overall benefit in patients with ARDS.

Indexed as

Genetic HeterogeneityRespiratory Distress SyndromeBiological Variation, PopulationHumansPrecision MedicineTreatment Outcomeacute respiratory failureARDSheterogeneity of treatment effect

Identifiers

PMID34270967
PMCPMC8277554
OpenAlexW3181379278

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.