ReviewNeuron2021
Neurodevelopment of the association cortices: Patterns, mechanisms, and implications for psychopathology.
Review in Neuron, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 460 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
460 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Transdiagnostic mapping of brain structural abnormalities and network-constrained gray matter atrophy patterns across affective and psychotic disorders.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- A working model linking the psychopathology and pathophysiology of major depressive disorder - an umbrella review of neuroimaging studies and a conceptual framework.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Accelerated intermittent theta burst stimulation targeting personalized fronto-parietal control network improves core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Trial
- Spatiotemporal mapping of brain organisation following the administration of 2C-B and psilocybin.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Trial
- Executive functions as a transdiagnostic endophenotype in developmental psychopathology.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Different functional connectivity gradients reflect aging and Alzheimer's disease.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Parent-Child Cortical Similarity Indexes Multiple Dimensions of Sensitivity in the Association Between Family Environment and Adolescent Internalizing Symptoms.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Volume-inflation registration (INFREG) for morphometric analysis of human focal cortical dysplasia type II.iScience · 2026Article
- Article
- Division-Specific Organization of a Shared Functional Scaffold in the Early-Life Human Brain.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Review
- Cortical microarchitecture supports preadolescent functional brain network connectivity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Human cortical networks trade communication efficiency for computational reliability.Science advances · 2026Article
- Multiscale characterization of cortical signatures in positive and negative schizotypy: a worldwide ENIGMA study.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal white-matter development across early childhood.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2026Article
- Brain structural and functional connectivity converge prenatally but diverge after birth.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Intrinsic timescale develops hierarchically from sensorimotor to association cortex in youth and stabilizes in adulthood.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Dynamic Functional Synchronization Profiles in Autism Differ by Spatial Scale and Along Hierarchical Cortical Gradients.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Article
- Transcranial direct current stimulation and lesions hierarchically reorganize brain network dynamics with biological annotations.Fundamental research · 2026Article
- Lifespan trajectories of the brain's functional complexity characterized by multiscale sample entropy.NeuroImage · 2026Article
400 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The human brain undergoes a prolonged period of cortical development that spans multiple decades. During childhood and adolescence, cortical development progresses from lower-order, primary and unimodal cortices with sensory and motor functions to higher-order, transmodal association cortices subserving executive, socioemotional, and mentalizing functions. The spatiotemporal patterning of cortical maturation thus proceeds in a hierarchical manner, conforming to an evolutionarily rooted, sensorimotor-to-association axis of cortical organization. This developmental program has been characterized by data derived from multimodal human neuroimaging and is linked to the hierarchical unfolding of plasticity-related neurobiological events. Critically, this developmental program serves to enhance feature variation between lower-order and higher-order regions, thus endowing the brain's association cortices with unique functional properties. However, accumulating evidence suggests that protracted plasticity within late-maturing association cortices, which represents a defining feature of the human developmental program, also confers risk for diverse developmental psychopathologies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.