ArticlePloS one2021
Evaluation of neighborhood deprivation and store characteristics in relation to tobacco retail outlet sales violations.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Assessing residential neighborhood exposomes and their associations with cancer incidence: rationale, study design, and methods.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Association of Perceived Neighborhood Disorder with Substance Use Behaviors and Retail Access Among Southern California Adolescents.Substance use & misuse · 2025Article
- Modeling the Effects of Policies that Restrict Tobacco Retail Outlets on Prenatal Smoke Exposure and Perinatal Health Care Utilization.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2024Article
- Impact and Equity of New York City's Tobacco Retail Reduction Initiative.American journal of preventive medicine · 2024Article
- Modeling historic neighborhood deprivation and non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk.Environmental research · 2023Article
- A Long-Term National Survey of Compliance with the Ban on Selling Tobacco Products to Adolescents of Taiwan's Tobacco Hazards Prevention Act.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Inequalities in Tobacco Retailer Compliance Violations Across the State of Oklahoma, 2015-2019.Journal of community health · 2022Article
- Spatially Varying Associations of Neighborhood Disadvantage with Alcohol and Tobacco Retail Outlet Rates.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Disparities in Neighborhood Characteristics among U.S. Children with Secondhand and Thirdhand Tobacco Smoke Exposure.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionRegulations of the sale of tobacco products to minors have been effective at reducing adolescent tobacco use overall. However, these efforts may not be uniformly enforced in all areas, creating uneven protection against adolescent smoking. Knowledge regarding factors associated with tobacco retail outlet (TRO) violations could help inform better enforcement strategies.
methodsIn this study, we used Bayesian index regression models to determine if tobacco sales to minors violations across Virginia (2012-2021) were related to store characteristics and neighborhood deprivation and identify geographic areas at significantly elevated risk for violations after adjusting for these factors.
resultsResults show that there were multiple factors associated with a higher likelihood of tobacco sales violations. Store type was an important factor, as grocery stores and pharmacies had significantly lowered likelihood of violations compared with convenience stores. Being located near another TRO was significantly associated with increased risk of sales to a minor. Neighborhood deprivation was also positively associated with TRO sales violations. Further, there were statistically higher likelihood of sales violations occurring in specific areas (e.g., southwest and southeast) of the state that were not explained by neighborhood deprivation and store attributes.
conclusionsTogether, results highlight the need to better understand where and why TRO sales violations are occurring in order to improve efforts aimed at monitoring and remediating TRO sales violations.
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