Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34270488›Full record

Observational studyAIDS (London, England)2021

Second-generation mother-to-child HIV transmission in South Africa is characterized by poor outcomes.

Jane R Millar, Isabella Fatti, Noxolo Mchunu, Nomonde Bengu, Nicholas E Grayson, Emily Adland, David Bonsall, Moherndran Archary, Philippa C Matthews, Thumbi Ndung'u and 1 more

Open access · greenAbstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in AIDS (London, England), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
0.2field-weighted citation impact, top 47% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Long-Term Post-Transition Outcomes of Adolescents and Young Adults Living With Perinatally and Non-perinatally Acquired HIV in Southeast Asia.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2023
    Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.

Jane R MillarHIV Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
Isabella FattiUmkhuseli Innovation and Research Management, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.
Noxolo MchunuUmkhuseli Innovation and Research Management, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.
Nomonde BenguUmkhuseli Innovation and Research Management, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.
Nicholas E GraysonDepartment of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Emily AdlandDepartment of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
David BonsallNuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Moherndran ArcharyDepartment of Paediatrics, King Edward VIII Hospital/University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
Philippa C MatthewsNuffield Department of Medicine.
Thumbi Ndung'uHIV Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
Philip GoulderHIV Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
University of Oxford · GBUmkhuseli Innovation and Research Management · ZAAfrica Health Research Institute · ZAKing Edward VIII Hospital · ZAOxford University Hospitals NHS Trust · GBUniversity of KwaZulu-Natal · ZA

Funding

Maximising Cure Potential in Paediatric HIV InfectionR01AI133673 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD · PI GOULDER, PHILIP J · 2017 to 2021
$1.4M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI133673Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThe worldwide incidence of pregnancy for women living with perinatal HIV infection is increasing. Subsequently, there is growing risk of second-generation mother-to-child HIV transmission. The infant clinical outcomes for such a phenomenon have yet to be described.

designAs part of a wider observational study in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, six infants with in-utero HIV infection were identified as being born to mothers with perinatal HIV infection.

methodsBlood results and clinical data were collected in the first 3 years of life. In two cases, sample availability allowed confirmation by phylogenetic analysis of grandmother-to-mother-to-child HIV transmission.

resultsOutcomes were poor in all six cases. All six mothers had difficulty administering twice daily combination antiretroviral therapy to their infants due to difficulties with acceptance, disclosure, poor health and being themselves long-term nonprogressors. Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-resistant virus was detected in all mothers tested. None of the infants maintained suppression of viraemia on combination antiretroviral therapy. One infant died, and another was lost to follow-up.

conclusionAs the numbers of second-generation mother-to-child transmissions increase, it is important to highlight that this mother-infant dyad represents an extremely vulnerable group. In order for them to survive and thrive, these infants' mothers require their specific needs to be addressed and given intensive support.

Indexed as

Anti-HIV AgentsHIV InfectionsPregnancy Complications, InfectiousFemaleHumansInfantInfectious Disease Transmission, VerticalMothersPhylogenyPregnancySouth AfricaAnti-HIV Agents

Identifiers

PMID34270488
PMCPMC8288499
OpenAlexW3153279833

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.