ArticleNeurochemical research2021
Protective Effects of Estrogen via Nanoparticle Delivery to Attenuate Myelin Loss and Neuronal Death after Spinal Cord Injury.
Article in Neurochemical research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune Roles of Canonically Non-Immune Cells in Biomaterials Response.Cell biomaterials · 2026Article
- Hmgcs1 regulates cholesterol synthesis and promotes nerve fiber repair after spinal cord injury.iScience · 2026Article
- Focal Estrogen Therapy in Male Rats Promotes Neuronal Survival and Reduces Denervation Atrophy After Spinal Cord Injury via Modulation of β-Catenin and NF-κB.Neurochemical research · 2026Article
- Calpain-2 Regulates Kinesin and Dynein Dysfunction in Neurotoxin-Induced Motoneuron Injury.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- A Review of the Potential Use of Antioxidants in Spinal Cord Injuries.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- Revisiting the Emerging Role of Light-Based Therapies in the Management of Spinal Cord Injuries.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Induction of Neural Differentiation and Protection by a Novel Slow-Release Nanoparticle Estrogen Construct in a Rat Model of Spinal Cord Injury.Neurochemical research · 2024Article
- Targeted Therapy of Spinal Cord Injury: Inhibition of Apoptosis Is a Promising Therapeutic Strategy.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Review
- Nanotherapeutics for Alleviating Anesthesia-Associated Complications.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Review
- Pharmacological interventions targeting the microcirculation following traumatic spinal cord injury.Neural regeneration research · 2024Review
- The NF-κB Pathway: a Focus on Inflammatory Responses in Spinal Cord Injury.Molecular neurobiology · 2023Review
- A comprehensive look at the psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology of spinal cord injury and its progression: mechanisms and clinical opportunities.Military Medical Research · 2023Review
- Recent advances in nanomaterials for the treatment of spinal cord injury.Materials today. Bio · 2023Review
- Inhibition of Calpain Attenuates Degeneration of Substantia Nigra Neurons in the Rotenone Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Approaches for Spinal Cord Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is associated with devastating neurological deficits affecting more than 11,000 Americans each year. Although several therapeutic agents have been proposed and tested, no FDA-approved pharmacotherapy is available for SCI treatment. We have recently demonstrated that estrogen (E2) acts as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, attenuating gliosis in SCI. We have also demonstrated that nanoparticle-mediated focal delivery of E2 to the injured spinal cord decreases lesion size, reactive gliosis, and glial scar formation. The current study tested in vitro effects of E2 on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calpain activity in microglia, astroglia, macrophages, and fibroblasts, which are believed to participate in the inflammatory events and glial scar formation after SCI. E2 treatment decreased ROS production and calpain activity in these glial cells, macrophages, and fibroblast cells in vitro. This study also tested the efficacy of fast- and slow-release nanoparticle-E2 constructs in a rat model of SCI. Focal delivery of E2 via nanoparticles increased tissue distribution of E2 over time, attenuated cell death, and improved myelin preservation in injured spinal cord. Specifically, the fast-release nanoparticle-E2 construct reduced the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in injured spinal cord tissues, and the slow-release nanoparticle-E2 construct prevented gliosis and penumbral demyelination distal to the lesion site. These data suggest this novel E2 delivery strategy to the lesion site may decrease inflammation and improve functional outcomes following SCI.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.