Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34269916›Full record

ReviewCurrent oncology reports2021

Cytokines: Signalling Improved Immunotherapy?

Alana J De Luca, A Bruce Lyons, Andrew S Flies

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Current oncology reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Alana J De LucaMenzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-1678-8966
A Bruce LyonsTasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-8508-5853
Andrew S FliesMenzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. andy.flies@utas.edu.au.ORCID 0000-0002-4550-1859

Funding

Australian Research Council DECRA DE180100484Australian Research Council Discovery Grant DP180100520Royal Hobart Hospital Research Foundation Incubator Grant F0026331
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purpose of reviewImmune checkpoint immunotherapies (ICI) are now approved for over 20 types of cancer and there are almost 6000 ongoing clinical trials investigating immuno-modulators as cancer therapies. This review investigated the effect of monoclonal antibody-based immune checkpoint immunotherapies when combined with cytokine therapy. We reviewed published clinical trial results from 2005 to 2020 for studies that used approved monoclonal antibody ICI in combination with the cytokines. Studies that met the search criteria were assessed for treatment efficacy and immunological changes associated with treatment. RECENT FINDING: ICI often fails to result in improved clinical outcomes for patients and lasting protection from cancer recurrence. The use of pro-inflammatory cytokines alongside ICI has been shown to enhance the efficacy of these therapies in vitro and in animal studies. However, the results in human clinical trials are less clear and many clinical trials do not publish results at the end of the trial. A deeper understanding of the molecular interactions between cytokines, tumors, and immune cells is needed to improve overall ICI outcomes and design combination trials. Critical examination of the design and characteristics of previous clinical trials can provide insight into the lack of effective clinical translation for many immunotherapeutic drugs.

Indexed as

AnimalsAntibodies, MonoclonalCombined Modality TherapyCytokinesHumansImmunotherapyInterleukin-2IpilimumabLymphocyte ActivationLymphocytes, Tumor-InfiltratingNeoplasmsT-Lymphocyte SubsetsAntibodies, MonoclonalCytokinesInterleukin-2IpilimumabCancerCheckpoint inhibitorCytokineImmune checkpoint moleculeImmunotherapy

Identifiers

PMID34269916

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.