Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34268447›Full record

ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)2021

Cardiorespiratory fitness mitigates brain atrophy and cognitive decline in adults at risk for Alzheimer's disease.

Ryan J Dougherty, Erin M Jonaitis, Julian M Gaitán, Sarah R Lose, Brandon M Mergen, Sterling C Johnson, Ozioma C Okonkwo, Dane B Cook

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
39citing papers in PubMed
4.4field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

39 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. LEAP! Rx: A randomized trial of a pragmatic approach to lifestyle medicine.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024
    Trial
  2. Observational
  3. Physical activity, aerobic fitness, and AD blood biomarkers: The IGNITE study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
    Article
  4. Rising energetic cost of walking predicts cognitive impairment.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Physical activity andmedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025
    Article
  11. Distinct medical and substance use histories associate with cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Sex modifies the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and insulin resistance in adults at risk for Alzheimer's disease.Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme · 2025
    Observational
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Evidence of association between higher cardiorespiratory fitness and higher cerebral myelination in aging.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Ryan J DoughertyDepartment of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore Maryland USA.
Erin M JonaitisWisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison Wisconsin USA.
Julian M GaitánWisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison Wisconsin USA.
Sarah R LoseWisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison Wisconsin USA.
Brandon M MergenWisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison Wisconsin USA.
Sterling C JohnsonWisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison Wisconsin USA.
Ozioma C OkonkwoWisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison Wisconsin USA.
Dane B CookWilliam S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital Madison Wisconsin USA.
University of Wisconsin–Madison · USWilliam S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital · USJohns Hopkins University · US

Funding

Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention: Sex Differences in DNA MethylationR01AG027161 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI Nathaniel Ark Chin, Sterling C Johnson · 2007 to 2026
$35.6M
Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterP30AG062715 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI Dorothy Farrar Edwards · 2019 to 2026
$34.5M
INSTITUTIONAL CTSA (UW-MADISON): CLINICAL TRIALSUL1RR025011 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI DREZNER, MARC KENNETH · 2007 to 2011
$29.5M
The Longitudinal Course of Neural Function and Amyloid in People At Risk for ADR01AG021155 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI Sterling C Johnson · 2004 to 2026
$27.0M
Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's PreventionRF1AG027161 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI JOHNSON, STERLING C · 2018 to 2018
$18.8M
Research Training in Age-Related Cognitive DisordersT32AG027668 · NIA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI MARILYN S. ALBERT · 2007 to 2026
$6.3M
Early detection of asymptomatic middle-age adults at risk for ADK23AG045957 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI OKONKWO, OZIOMA C · 2013 to 2017
$884k
Genetic and Lifestyle Determinants of Cognitive Resilience in MidlifeR21AG051858 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI OKONKWO, OZIOMA C · 2016 to 2017
$441k
Longitudinal Assessment of Physical Activity, Cerebral Glucose Metabolism, and Cognitive Function in an At-risk CohortF31AG062009 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI DOUGHERTY, RYAN JAMES · 2018 to 2019
$63k
CSRD VA IK6 CX002369NCRR NIH HHS UL1 RR025011NIA NIH HHS F31 AG062009NIA NIH HHS K23 AG045957NIA NIH HHS P30 AG062715NIA NIH HHS R01 AG021155NIA NIH HHS R01 AG027161NIA NIH HHS R21 AG051858NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG027161NIA NIH HHS T32 AG027668
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionCardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) may mitigate Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. This study examined the longitudinal associations of CRF with brain atrophy and cognitive decline in a late-middle-aged cohort of adults at risk for AD.

methodsOne hundred ten cognitively unimpaired adults (66% female, mean age at baseline 64.2 ± 5.7 years) completed a baseline graded treadmill exercise test, two brain magnetic resonance imaging scans (over 4.67 ± 1.17 years), and two to three cognitive assessments (over 3.26 ± 1.02 years). Linear mixed effects models examined the longitudinal associations adjusted for covariates.

resultsParticipants with higher baseline CRF had slower annual decline in total gray matter volume ( DISCUSSION: CRF is a modifiable physiological attribute that may be targeted during the preclinical phase of AD in effort to delay disease progression, perhaps most effectively among those with genetic risk.

Indexed as

aerobic fitnessapolipoprotein E ε4executive functionexerciselifestyle factorsmagnetic resonance imagingmemoryneuroimagingphysical activityrisk factor

Identifiers

PMID34268447
PMCPMC8274307
OpenAlexW3182684464

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.