Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34268434›Full record

ReviewAnnals of translational medicine2021

Narrative review of generative adversarial networks in medical and molecular imaging.

Kazuhiro Koshino, Rudolf A Werner, Martin G Pomper, Ralph A Bundschuh, Fujio Toriumi, Takahiro Higuchi, Steven P Rowe

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Annals of translational medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Attenuation correction of cardiacEJNMMI physics · 2026
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Kazuhiro KoshinoDepartment of Systems and Informatics, Hokkaido Information University, Ebetsu, Japan.
Rudolf A WernerThe Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Martin G PomperThe Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Ralph A BundschuhDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Germany.
Fujio ToriumiGraduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Takahiro HiguchiDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Steven P RoweThe Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Funding

Training/Dissemination-Resource for Molecular Imaging Agents in Precision MedicineP41EB024495 · NIBIB · UT SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER · PI MARTIN G POMPER · 2017 to 2026
$11.8M
PSMA-based Cancer Imaging AgentsR01CA134675 · NCI · UT SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER · PI POMPER, MARTIN G · 2009 to 2025
$6.2M
Small Molecule PSMA-Targeted Alpha TherapyR01CA184228 · NCI · UT SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER · PI POMPER, MARTIN G, ZALUTSKY, MICHAEL ROD · 2014 to 2023
$3.6M
PSMA Directed Imaging of Prostate Cancer Focus on Androgen Receptor DynamicsU01CA183031 · NCI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI DEWEESE, THEODORE L, POMPER, MARTIN G · 2015 to 2017
$1.2M
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA134675NCI NIH HHS R01 CA184228NCI NIH HHS U01 CA183031NIBIB NIH HHS P41 EB024495
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Recent years have witnessed a rapidly expanding use of artificial intelligence and machine learning in medical imaging. Generative adversarial networks (GANs) are techniques to synthesize images based on artificial neural networks and deep learning. In addition to the flexibility and versatility inherent in deep learning on which the GANs are based, the potential problem-solving ability of the GANs has attracted attention and is being vigorously studied in the medical and molecular imaging fields. Here this narrative review provides a comprehensive overview for GANs and discuss their usefulness in medical and molecular imaging on the following topics: (I) data augmentation to increase training data for AI-based computer-aided diagnosis as a solution for the data-hungry nature of such training sets; (II) modality conversion to complement the shortcomings of a single modality that reflects certain physical measurement principles, such as from magnetic resonance (MR) to computed tomography (CT) images or vice versa; (III) de-noising to realize less injection and/or radiation dose for nuclear medicine and CT; (IV) image reconstruction for shortening MR acquisition time while maintaining high image quality; (V) super-resolution to produce a high-resolution image from low-resolution one; (VI) domain adaptation which utilizes knowledge such as supervised labels and annotations from a source domain to the target domain with no or insufficient knowledge; and (VII) image generation with disease severity and radiogenomics. GANs are promising tools for medical and molecular imaging. The progress of model architectures and their applications should continue to be noteworthy.

Indexed as

deep learningGenerative adversarial network (GAN)image diagnosisimage synthesismolecular imaging

Identifiers

PMID34268434
PMCPMC8246192

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.