Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34268100›Full record

ArticleJournal of medical signals and sensors

Early Detection of Alzheimer's Disease Based on Clinical Trials, Three-Dimensional Imaging Data, and Personal Information Using Autoencoders.

Hamid Akramifard, Mohammad Ali Balafar, Seyed Naser Razavi, Abd Rahman Ramli

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of medical signals and sensors. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Aberrant Energy Metabolism in Alzheimer's Disease.Journal of translational internal medicine · 2022
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Hamid AkramifardDepartment of Software Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, Tabriz, Iran.
Mohammad Ali BalafarDepartment of Software Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, Tabriz, Iran.
Seyed Naser RazaviDepartment of Software Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, Tabriz, Iran.
Abd Rahman RamliDepartment of Software Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundA timely diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is crucial to obtain more practical treatments. In this article, a novel approach using Auto-Encoder Neural Networks (AENN) for early detection of AD was proposed.

methodThe proposed method mainly deals with the classification of multimodal data and the imputation of missing data. The data under study involve the MiniMental State Examination, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, cerebrospinal fluid data, and personal information. Natural logarithm was used for normalizing the data. The Auto-Encoder Neural Networks was used for imputing missing data. Principal component analysis algorithm was used for reducing dimensionality of data. Support Vector Machine (SVM) was used as classifier. The proposed method was evaluated using Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. Then, 10fold crossvalidation was used to audit the detection accuracy of the method.

resultsThe effectiveness of the proposed approach was studied under several scenarios considering 705 cases of ADNI database. In three binary classification problems, that is AD vs. normal controls (NCs), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) vs. NC, and MCI vs. AD, we obtained the accuracies of 95.57%, 83.01%, and 78.67%, respectively.

conclusionExperimental results revealed that the proposed method significantly outperformed most of the stateoftheart methods.

Indexed as

Alzheimer's diseaseautoencoderscerebrospinal fluidearly detectionmagnetic resonance imagingMini-Mental State Examinationmissing datapositron emission tomographys

Identifiers

PMID34268100
PMCPMC8253314

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.