ReviewEFORT open reviews2021
Herniated discs: when is surgery necessary?
Review in EFORT open reviews, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06098365 (The Effects of Cervical Stabilization Exercises and Isometric Cervical Exercises on Pain, Strength, Flexibility, Disability and Quality of Life in Patients With Cervical Disc Herniation), which is not on this map. Cited by 51 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effects of Cervical Stabilization Exercises and Isometric Cervical Exercises on Pain, Strength, Flexibility, Disability and Quality of Life in Patients With Cervical Disc Herniation
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Added Value and the Efficacy of Preoperative Physiotherapy on Degenerative Diseases of the Lumbar Spine: A Systematic Review.Physiotherapy research international : the journal for researchers and clinicians in physical therapy · 2026Pooled it
- Therapeutic interventions of platelet-rich plasma versus corticosteroid injections for lumbar radicular pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025Pooled it
- Clinical efficacy of exercise therapy for lumbar disc herniation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- The efficiency of tactile discrimination training and oculomotor exercises in people with chronic neck pain: a randomized controlled trial.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Trial
- Biomechanical analysis of lumbar oblique manipulation for lumbar disc herniation with different protrusion subtypes.Mechanobiology in medicine · 2026Article
- Exploratory study of large language models in surgical decision-making for lumbar disc herniation: a multicenter analysis based on multisource clinical information.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2026Article
- Review
- Risk Factor Analysis of Residual Low Back Pain After Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic Discectomy in Patients With Lumbar Disc Herniation.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026Article
- Interpretable prediction of prolonged length of stay for patients undergoing lumbar disc herniation surgery based on machine learning and SHAP.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- The learning curve of percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy versus unilateral biportal endoscopic discectomy for lumbar disc herniation: a comparative study.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2026Article
- Herbal decoction and lumbar spine surgery in patients with lumbar disc herniation: a real-world study using linked electronic health records and claims data.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Calcified Thoracic Disc Herniation: Surgical Management, Surgical Approaches, and Decision-Making.Orthopedic reviews · 2026Article
- Innovative combination of unilateral biportal endoscopic discectomy and interlaminar dynamic stabilization using the IntraSPINE device for huge lumbar disc herniation: technical note and preliminary report.Wideochirurgia i inne techniki maloinwazyjne = Videosurgery and other miniinvasive techniques · 2025Article
- A prospective case-control study: Analysis of the analgesic effect of acetaminophen-mannitol injection after endoscopic lumbar discectomy.The Journal of international medical research · 2025Article
- Deep learning-based multimodal integration of imaging and clinical data for predicting surgical approach in percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2025Article
- Spontaneous resorption of herniated lumbar discs: illustrative cases.Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons · 2025Article
- Is out-of-hours decompression for acute lumbar disc herniation associated with greater peri-operative complications? A tertiary centre, retrospective cohort study.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2025Article
- Advancements in Spinal Endoscopic Surgery: Comprehensive Techniques and Pathologies Addressed by Full Endoscopy Beyond Lumbar Disc Herniation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Clinical comparison of percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar vs. unilateral biportal endoscopic discectomy for lumbar disc herniation: a retrospective study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Effectiveness and Safety of Transforaminal Spinal Endoscopy: Analysis of 1000 Clinical Cases.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In all levels of disc herniations the absolute surgical indications include deteriorating neurological deficits with myelopathy or cauda equina syndrome. However, this review summarized the relative indications for surgery in each level.In cervical disc herniation (CDH), the indications for surgery consist of six months of persisting symptoms, not responding to conservative treatment. However, high-quality studies are lacking, and a randomized controlled trial is now underway to clarify the indications.In thoracic disc herniation (TDH), the indications for surgery comprise failure of conservative measures and/or worsening neurological symptoms. Moreover, giant calcified thoracic disc herniations or myelopathy signs on magnetic resonance imaging, even in the absence of neurological symptoms, may benefit from surgical treatment as a preventive measure.In lumbar disc herniation (LDH), the indications for surgery include imaging confirmation of LDH, consistent with clinical findings, and failure to improve after six weeks of conservative care. Cite this article:
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.