ReviewEFORT open reviews2021
Injections in the osteoarthritic knee: a review of current treatment options.
Review in EFORT open reviews, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- No significant short-term advantages of corticosteroids-augmented intra-articular injections of hyaluronic acid for knee osteoarthritis : A meta-analysis.Orthopadie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Pooled it
- The time-effect relationship of intra-articular ozone injection for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- Intra-articular Hyaluronic Acid Injections May Be Beneficial in Patients with Less Advanced Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Pooled it
- The Efficacy of Polydioxanone Sutures in Treating Mild-to-Moderate Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy of ultrasound-guided intra-articular injection in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis in early and middle stages: a network meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Intra-Articular Injection of Botulinum Toxin for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Mesenchymal stem cells and platelet rich plasma therapy for knee osteoarthritis: an umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analysis.Annals of Saudi medicinePooled it
- Twelve-month efficacy of carboxymethyl-chitosan in refractory knee osteoarthritis: A randomized controlled trial (PIONEER).Osteoarthritis and cartilage open · 2025Trial
- Article
- Cross-Linked Versus Linear Hyaluronic Acid for Cartilage Repair in Rat Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis.Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2026Article
- Article
- Clinical Applications of Stromal Vascular Fraction and Stromal Vascular Matrix for Osteoarthritis: A Commentary.HSS journal : the musculoskeletal journal of Hospital for Special Surgery · 2025Article
- [Knee arthroplasty in isolated patellofemoral osteoarthritis : A critical review of the best options].Orthopadie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Role of Intra-Articular Hyaluronic Acid in Osteoarthritis: A Precision Medicine Perspective.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Effects of Injections of Monocytes, Platelet-Rich Plasma, and Hyaluronic Acid in Adults with Knee Osteoarthritis: An Observational Study.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2025Article
- Intra-Articular Hyaluronic Acid for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Umbrella Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Arthroscopic debridement followed by intra-articular injection of micro-fragmented adipose tissue in patients affected by knee osteoarthritis: Clinical results up to 48 months from a prospective clinical study.Journal of experimental orthopaedics · 2025Article
- The impact of ex vivo ozone injection into the synovial fluid in patients with knee osteoarthritis: A controlled clinical trial.Archives of rheumatology · 2024Article
- Intra-articular injection of bone marrow aspirate concentrate (mesenchymal stem cells) in KL grade III and IV knee osteoarthritis: 4 year results of 37 knees.Scientific reports · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Knee osteoarthritis is a degenerative condition characterized by progressive cartilage degradation, subchondral damage, and bone remodelling. Among the approaches implemented to achieve symptomatic and functional improvements, injection treatments have gained increasing attention due to the possibility of intra-articular delivery with reduced side effects compared to systemic therapies.In addition to well-established treatment options such as hyaluronic acid (HA), cortico-steroids (CS) and oxygen-ozone therapy, many other promising products have been employed in the last decades such as polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) and biologic agents such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Moreover, ultrasound-guided intra-meniscal injection and X-ray-guided subchondral injection techniques have been introduced into clinical practice.Even when not supported by high evidence consensus, intra-articular CS and HA injections have gained precise indications for symptomatic relief and clinical improvement in OA. Biological products are strongly supported by in vitro evidence but there is still a lack of robust clinical evidence. PRP and MSCs seem to relieve OA symptoms through a regulation of the joint homeostasis, even if their capability to restore articular cartilage is still to be proved in vivo.Due to increasing interest in the subchondral bone pathology, subchondral injections have been developed with promising results in delaying joint replacement. Nevertheless, due to their recent development and the heterogeneity of the injected products (biologic agents or calcium phosphate), this approach still lacks strong enough evidence to be fully endorsed.Combined biological treatments, nano-molecular approaches, monoclonal antibodies and 'personalized' target therapies are currently under development or under investigation with the aim of expanding our armamentarium against knee OA. Cite this article:
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