ArticleFrontiers in immunology2021
A Reproducible Bioprinted 3D Tumor Model Serves as a Preselection Tool for CAR T Cell Therapy Optimization.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- 3D bioprinting for cancer modeling and drug screening.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- 3D bioprinted in vitro models in cancer metabolism research.Magyar onkologia · 2026Review
- Determinants of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T Cell Success: In Vitro and In Vivo Preclinical Assessment.Cancers · 2026Review
- Gravity-Tolerant In-Flight 3D Bioprinting Enabled by Stereolithography for Space Tissue Engineering.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Beyond monolayers: a comparative analysis of 2D cell cultures and 3DFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Personalized CRISPR knock-in cytokine gene therapy to remodel the tumor microenvironment and enhance CAR T cell therapy in solid tumors.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Engineering Osteosarcoma In Vitro: From Traditional Models to Biofabricated Platforms for Precision Medicine.ACS omega · 2025Review
- Synthetic Biology and Biomaterials Strategies to Deceive the Tumor Microenvironment in CAR-T Immunotherapy.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Review
- Investigating genetic modifications to enhance L1CAM-CAR T cell migration in solid tumors in a 3D bioprinted neuroblastoma model.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Application and challenges of tumor organoid technology in precision immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- A Thermo-responsive collapse system for controlling heterogeneous cell localization, ratio and interaction for three-dimensional solid tumor modeling.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Three-dimensional dynamics of mesothelin-targeted CAR.CIK lymphocytes against ovarian cancer peritoneal carcinomatosis.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2024Article
- 3D bioprinted tumor model: a prompt and convenient platform for overcoming immunotherapy resistance by recapitulating the tumor microenvironment.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2024Review
- Human 3D Ovarian Cancer Models Reveal Malignant Cell-Intrinsic and -Extrinsic Factors That Influence CAR T-cell Activity.Cancer research · 2024Article
- Applications of 3D Bioprinting Technology to Brain Cells and Brain Tumor Models: Special Emphasis to Glioblastoma.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2024Review
- Engineered 3D ex vivo models to recapitulate the complex stromal and immune interactions within the tumor microenvironment.Biomaterials · 2024Review
- Utilizing 3D Models to Unravel the Dynamics of Myeloma Plasma Cells' Escape from the Bone Marrow Microenvironment.Cancers · 2024Review
- Review
- Cancer Immunotherapy Using Bioengineered Micro/Nano Structured Hydrogels.Advanced healthcare materials · 2023Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell performance against solid tumors in mouse models and clinical trials is often less effective than predicted by CAR construct selection in two-dimensional (2D) cocultures. Three-dimensional (3D) solid tumor architecture is likely to be crucial for CAR T cell efficacy. We used a three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting approach for large-scale generation of highly reproducible 3D human tumor models for the test case, neuroblastoma, and compared these to 2D cocultures for evaluation of CAR T cells targeting the L1 cell adhesion molecule, L1CAM. CAR T cells infiltrated the model, and both CAR T and tumor cells were viable for long-term experiments and could be isolated as single-cell suspensions for whole-cell assays quantifying CAR T cell activation, effector function and tumor cell cytotoxicity. L1CAM-specific CAR T cell activation by neuroblastoma cells was stronger in the 3D model than in 2D cocultures, but neuroblastoma cell lysis was lower. The bioprinted 3D neuroblastoma model is highly reproducible and allows detection and quantification of CAR T cell tumor infiltration, representing a superior
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.