Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34267725›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in endocrinology2021

Clinical Perspectives on the Use of Subcutaneous and Oral Formulations of Semaglutide.

Baptist Gallwitz, Francesco Giorgino

Open access · goldFull text readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
32citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
7.0field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

32 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  6. Review
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  11. Injectable drugs for weight management.Australian prescriber · 2025
    Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Semaglutide: Double-edged Sword with Risks and Benefits.Archives of internal medicine research · 2025
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Baptist GallwitzDepartment of Medicine IV - Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nephrology, Tübingen University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany.
Francesco GiorginoDepartment of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
University Children's Hospital Tübingen · DEUniversity of Bari Aldo Moro · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Early and effective glycemic control can prevent or delay the complications associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The benefits of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are becoming increasingly recognized and they now feature prominently in international T2D treatment recommendations and guidelines across the disease continuum. However, despite providing effective glycemic control, weight loss, and a low risk of hypoglycemia, GLP-1RAs are currently underutilized in clinical practice. The long-acting GLP-1RA, semaglutide, is available for once-weekly injection and in a new once-daily oral formulation. Semaglutide is an advantageous choice for the treatment of T2D since it has greater efficacy in reducing glycated hemoglobin and body weight compared with other GLP-1RAs, has demonstrated benefits in reducing major adverse cardiovascular events, and has a favorable profile in special populations (e.g., patients with hepatic impairment or renal impairment). The oral formulation represents a useful option to help improve acceptance and adherence compared with injectable formulations for patients with a preference for oral therapy, and may lead to earlier and broader use of GLP-1RAs in the T2D treatment trajectory. Oral semaglutide should be taken on an empty stomach, which may influence the choice of formulation. As with most GLP-1RAs, initial dose escalation of semaglutide is required for both formulations to mitigate gastrointestinal adverse events. There are also specific dose instructions to follow with oral semaglutide to ensure sufficient gastric absorption. The evidence base surrounding the clinical use of semaglutide is being further expanded with trials investigating effects on diabetic retinopathy, cardiovascular outcomes, and on the common T2D comorbidities of obesity, chronic kidney disease, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. These will provide further information about whether the benefits of semaglutide extend to these other indications.

Indexed as

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsAdministration, OralBody WeightCardiovascular DiseasesComorbidityDecision MakingDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Dose-Response Relationship, DrugDrug Administration ScheduleGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 ReceptorGlucagon-Like PeptidesHemoglobinsHumansHypoglycemiaHypoglycemic AgentsInjections, SubcutaneousGLP1R protein, humanGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 ReceptorGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsGlucagon-Like PeptidesHemoglobinsHypoglycemic AgentsMetforminSemaglutideglucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA)oralsemaglutidesubcutaneoustype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID34267725
PMCPMC8276717
OpenAlexW3175962993

What OpenQuestion holds

Textfull text, public
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.