GuidelineEuropean journal of human genetics : EJHG2022
Dutch Pharmacogenetics Working Group (DPWG) guideline for the gene-drug interaction between CYP2D6 and opioids (codeine, tramadol and oxycodone).
Guideline in European journal of human genetics : EJHG, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 36 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dutch Pharmacogenetics Working Group (DPWG) guideline for the gene-drug interaction between CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 and tricyclic antidepressants.European journal of human genetics : EJHG · 2026Guideline
- Clinical Pharmacogenetic Testing and Application: 2024 Updated Guidelines by the Korean Society for Laboratory Medicine.Annals of laboratory medicine · 2025Guideline
- Dutch Pharmacogenetics Working Group (DPWG) guideline for the gene-drug interaction of CYP2C9, HLA-A and HLA-B with anti-epileptic drugs.European journal of human genetics : EJHG · 2024Guideline
- Dutch pharmacogenetics working group guideline for the gene-drug interaction of ABCG2, HLA-B and Allopurinol, and MTHFR, folic acid and methotrexate.European journal of human genetics : EJHG · 2024Guideline
- Dutch pharmacogenetics working group (DPWG) guideline for the gene-drug interaction of CYP2D6 and COMT with atomoxetine and methylphenidate.European journal of human genetics : EJHG · 2023Guideline
- Dutch pharmacogenetics working group (DPWG) guideline for the gene-drug interaction between UGT1A1 and irinotecan.European journal of human genetics : EJHG · 2023Guideline
- Dutch Pharmacogenetics Working Group (DPWG) guideline for the gene-drug interaction between CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 and SSRIs.European journal of human genetics : EJHG · 2022Guideline
- Impact of population-specific pharmacogenomic variants on drug dosing in ICU patients.The pharmacogenomics journal · 2026Article
- Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Pharmacogenetics of Pharmacists in the Netherlands: A National Online Survey Study.Journal of evaluation in clinical practice · 2026Article
- Impact of CYP Enzyme Polymorphisms on Opioid Response in Anesthesia and Pain Medicine.Pain research & management · 2026Review
- Unlocking Performance: Pharmacogenomic Insights for Athletes.Sports medicine international open · 2026Review
- The Role of Pharmacogenetic Biomarkers in Pain.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Utilisation of drugs with pharmacogenetic recommendations in children in Switzerland.The pharmacogenomics journal · 2025Article
- Impact and Enablers of Pharmacogenetic-Informed Treatment Decisions-A Longitudinal Mixed-Methods Study Exploring the Patient Perspective.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A Swiss Cross-Sectional Study on Patients' Perspectives on Chronic Pain Management, Analgesic Treatment, and Genetic Susceptibility.Journal of pain research · 2025Article
- Associations between (pharmaco-)genetic markers and postoperative pain after inguinal hernia repair - a prospective study protocol.BMC medical genomics · 2024Article
- Pharmacogenotyping disproves genetic cause of drug-related problems in family history: a case report.BMC anesthesiology · 2024Article
- Implementing a pragmatic clinical trial to tailor opioids for chronic pain on behalf of the IGNITE ADOPT PGx investigators.Clinical and translational science · 2024Article
- Haplotype phasing of CYP2D6: an allelic ratio method using Agena MassARRAY data.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
- A consideration of CYP2D6 genetic variations in the Ghanaian population as a potential 'culprit' for the tramadol 'abuse crisis'.BMC medical genomics · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
14 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The current Dutch Pharmacogenetics Working Group (DPWG) guideline, describes the gene-drug interaction between CYP2D6 and the opioids codeine, tramadol and oxycodone. CYP2D6 genotype is translated into normal metaboliser (NM), intermediate metaboliser (IM), poor metaboliser (PM) or ultra-rapid metaboliser (UM). Codeine is contraindicated in UM adults if doses >20 mg every 6 h (q6h), in children ≥12 years if doses >10 mg q6h, or with additional risk factors. In PMs, an alternative analgesic should be given which is not or to a lesser extent metabolised by CYP2D6 (not tramadol). In IMs with insufficient analgesia, a higher dose or alternative analgesic should be given. For tramadol, the recommendations for IMs and PMs are the same as the recommendation for codeine and IMs. UMs should receive an alternative drug not or to a lesser extent metabolised by CYP2D6 or the dose should be decreased to 40% of the commonly prescribed dose. Due to the absence of effect on clinical outcomes of oxycodone in PMs, IMs and UMs no action is required. DPWG classifies CYP2D6 genotyping for codeine "beneficial" and recommends testing prior to, or shortly after initiation of treatment in case of higher doses or additional risk factors. CYP2D6 genotyping is classified as "potentially beneficial" for tramadol and can be considered on an individual patient basis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.