ArticleScientific reports2021
Bayesian analysis of home advantage in North American professional sports before and during COVID-19.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Home-Court Advantage and the Associations of Travel and Jet Lag with Team Performance in the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA).Sports medicine - open · 2026Article
- Elite darts performance and the social influence of real crowds and simulated crowd noise.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Quantifying implicit biases in refereeing using NBA referees as a testbed.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- In the Opinion of Elite Volleyball Coaches, How Do Contextual Variables Influence Individual Volleyball Performance in Competitions?Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- The Effect of the Crowd on Home Bias: Evidence from NBA Games During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Journal of sports economics · 2022Article
- Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on HOME Advantage in Different European Professional Basketball Leagues.Perceptual and motor skills · 2022Article
- A Bayesian Approach to Predict Football Matches with Changed Home Advantage in Spectator-Free Matches after the COVID-19 Break.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Exploring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Euroleague Basketball.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on match performances in the National Basketball Association.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- Pre-shot combinations and game-related statistics discriminating between winners and losers depending on the game location during the NBA COVID-19 season.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Home advantage in professional sports is a widely accepted phenomenon despite the lack of any controlled experiments at the professional level. The return to play of professional sports during the COVID-19 pandemic presents a unique opportunity to analyze the hypothesized effect of home advantage in neutral settings. While recent work has examined the effect of COVID-19 restrictions on home advantage in European football, comparatively few studies have examined the effect of restrictions in the North American professional sports leagues. In this work, we infer the effect of and changes in home advantage prior to and during COVID-19 in the professional North American leagues for hockey, basketball, baseball, and American football. We propose a Bayesian multi-level regression model that infers the effect of home advantage while accounting for relative team strengths. We also demonstrate that the Negative Binomial distribution is the most appropriate likelihood to use in modelling North American sports leagues as they are prone to overdispersion in their points scored. Our model gives strong evidence that home advantage was negatively impacted in the NHL and NBA during their strongly restricted COVID-19 playoffs, while the MLB and NFL showed little to no change during their weakly restricted COVID-19 seasons.
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Registered trials
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