ArticleCancer discovery2021
A Phase I Trial of Regional Mesothelin-Targeted CAR T-cell Therapy in Patients with Malignant Pleural Disease, in Combination with the Anti-PD-1 Agent Pembrolizumab.
Article in Cancer discovery, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 406 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
406 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 531 citations in OpenAlex.
- The safety and efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor-T cell therapy in solid malignancies: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- CD30 CAR-T cells in combination with anti-PD-1 camrelizumab in relapsed/refractory CD30Journal of translational medicine · 2026Trial
- Immune checkpoint knockout screen reveals TIGIT-CD155 interaction as a significant modulator of adapter CAR-T cell function in acute myeloid leukemia.Oncoimmunology · 2026Article
- Recent advancements and persisting challenges in the evolution of next generation car t cell therapy for solid malignancies: a comprehensive review.Immunologic research · 2026Review
- Tuning the tumor, trafficking the T cell: sIRE opens the door for solid tumor CAR T cells.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Reversible control of CAR T cells through PROTAC compound targeting bromodomain mutant.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy for solid tumors in pediatric patients: current breakthroughs, dilemmas, and strategies.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Engineering the next generation of cellular therapies for solid tumors: multi-specific armored CARs and TME reprogramming strategies.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- Recent progress and therapeutic strategies in the treatment of cervical neuroendocrine neoplasms (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Adoptive cell therapy in lung cancer: progress, challenges, and prospects.Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine · 2026Review
- Breaking barriers in gynecologic malignancies with adoptive cell transfers and nanomedicine.Cell biomaterials · 2026Article
- Ecosystem-matched reprogramming of the tumor-immune microenvironment to overcome cancer immunotherapy resistance.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Mechanisms, optimization strategies, and salvage options for CAR-T cell therapy.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- CAR-T and TIL therapies in solid tumors: barriers, clinical lessons, and convergent solutions.Cancer cell international · 2026Review
- IL7-Receptor-Targeted CAR T-Cell Therapy for T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Anti-CAR Immunity Drives Acquired Therapeutic Resistance to GD2-CAR T Cell Therapy in Diffuse Midline Glioma.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Guided immunotherapy for residual solid tumor: integrating platelets and CAR T cells to reduce post-surgical recurrence.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- Adoptive cell therapies in thoracic malignancies: a comprehensive review.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- Irreversible Electroporation Enhances Solid Tumor Infiltration and Selective Cancer Cell Lysis by CAR T Cells.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Article
- The evolution of cellular-based immunotherapy in the treatment of gastric cancer: an overview of clinical trials.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
346 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
30 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Malignant pleural diseases, comprising metastatic lung and breast cancers and malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), are aggressive solid tumors with poor therapeutic response. We developed and conducted a first-in-human, phase I study of regionally delivered, autologous, mesothelin-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. Intrapleural administration of 0.3M to 60M CAR T cells/kg in 27 patients (25 with MPM) was safe and well tolerated. CAR T cells were detected in peripheral blood for >100 days in 39% of patients. Following our demonstration that PD-1 blockade enhances CAR T-cell function in mice, 18 patients with MPM also received pembrolizumab safely. Among those patients, median overall survival from CAR T-cell infusion was 23.9 months (1-year overall survival, 83%). Stable disease was sustained for ≥6 months in 8 patients; 2 exhibited complete metabolic response on PET scan. Combination immunotherapy with CAR T cells and PD-1 blockade agents should be further evaluated in patients with solid tumors. SIGNIFICANCE: Regional delivery of mesothelin-targeted CAR T-cell therapy followed by pembrolizumab administration is feasible, safe, and demonstrates evidence of antitumor efficacy in patients with malignant pleural diseases. Our data support the investigation of combination immunotherapy with CAR T cells and PD-1 blockade agents in solid tumors.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.