Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34266564›Full record

ArticleAdvances in child development and behavior2021

Beliefs, affordances, and adolescent development: Lessons from a decade of growth mindset interventions.

Cameron A Hecht, David S Yeager, Carol S Dweck, Mary C Murphy

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Advances in child development and behavior, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. A prosocial value intervention in gateway STEM courses.Journal of personality and social psychology · 2023
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  15. Mindsets, contexts, and college enrollment: Taking the long view on growth mindset beliefs at the transition to high school.Journal of research on adolescence : the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence · 2024
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Cameron A HechtDepartment of Psychology and Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States. Electronic address: cameron.hecht@utexas.edu.
David S YeagerDepartment of Psychology and Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States. Electronic address: dyeager@utexas.edu.
Carol S DweckDepartment of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
Mary C MurphyDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States.

Funding

Population Research CenterR24HD042849 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AUSTIN · PI UMBERSON, DEBRA J. · 2002 to 2016
$8.4M
Scientific & Technical CoreP2CHD042849 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN · PI Elizabeth T. Gershoff · 2017 to 2026
$5.2M
Estimating and Understanding Effects of Teaching Teens That People Can ChangeR01HD084772 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN · PI YEAGER, DAVID S · 2015 to 2019
$3.0M
Gates Foundation INV-004519NICHD NIH HHS P2C HD042849NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD084772NICHD NIH HHS R24 HD042849
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Beliefs play a central role in human development. For instance, a growth mindset-a belief about the malleability of intelligence-can shape how adolescents interpret and respond to academic difficulties and how they subsequently navigate the educational system. But do usually-adaptive beliefs have the same effects for adolescents regardless of the contexts they are in? Answering this question can reveal new insights into classic developmental questions about continuity and change. Here we present the Mindset×Context framework and we apply this model to the instructive case of growth mindset interventions. We show that teaching students a growth mindset is most effective in educational contexts that provide affordances for a growth mindset; that is, contexts that permit and encourage students to view ability as developable and to act on that belief. This evidence contradicts the "beliefs alone" hypothesis, which holds that teaching adolescents a growth mindset is enough and that students can profit from these beliefs in almost any context, even unsupportive ones. The Mindset×Context framework leads to the realization that in order to produce more widespread and lasting change, we must complement the belief-changing interventions that have been aimed at students with new interventions that guide teachers toward classroom policies and practices that allow students' growth mindset beliefs to take root and yield benefits.

Indexed as

IntelligenceStudentsAdolescentHumansAchievementAdolescenceBeliefsEducationMindsetsMotivation

Identifiers

PMID34266564
PMCPMC8903074

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.