Combination of mesenchymal stem cells and nicorandil: an emerging therapeutic challenge against COVID-19 infection-induced multiple organ dysfunction.

The recent COronaVIrus Disease (COVID)-19 pandemic has placed an unprecedented burden on the drug development opportunity to prevent the onset of multi-organ failure.Emerging experimental reports have highlighted the beneficial effects of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) administration against COVID-19. MSCs and their derived exosomes may attenuate SARS-CoV-2-induced inflammatory response through managing the immune cell function and cytokine expression. Although these are promising results, the exposure of MSCs to chemical compounds with pharmacological activities may further improve their homing, survival, and paracrine machinery.Nicorandil (N-[2-hydroxyethyl]-nicotinamide nitrate), an established adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel opener, is recently hypothesized to modulate inflammation as well as cell injury and death in COVID-19-affected lungs through inhibiting reactive oxygen species levels and apoptosis. Since it also exerts protective effects against hypoxia-induced MSC apoptosis, we assumed that transplanted MSCs combined to long-term nicorandil administration may survive longer in a severely inflamed microenvironment and have more beneficial effects in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection than MSCs alone.