Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34265229›Full record

ReviewJournal of the Royal Society of Medicine2021

Symptoms, complications and management of long COVID: a review.

Olalekan Lee Aiyegbusi, Sarah E Hughes, Grace Turner, Samantha Cruz Rivera, Christel McMullan, Joht Singh Chandan, Shamil Haroon, Gary Price, Elin Haf Davies, Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar and 3 more

2 registry-linked trialsOpen access · hybridAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 487 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
487citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
89.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05445921 phase1 / phase2completednot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

Stellate Ganglion Block for the Treatment of COVID-19-Induced Olfactory Dysfunction: A Prospective Pilot Study

TypeinterventionalSponsorWashington University School of MedicineRan2022 to 2022Enrolled20ConditionsAnosmia, Hyposmia, Parosmia, Olfactory DisorderArmsStellate Ganglion Block
NCT06156241 phase1unknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

Long COVID: Cord Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Persistent NeuroInflammatory Symptoms

TypeinterventionalSponsorCharles CoxRan2024 to 2026Enrolled12ConditionsPost-Acute COVID-19 SyndromeArmsStem Cell
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

487 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 971 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Pooled it
  8. Trial
  9. Long COVID Optimal Health Programme to Enhance Mental and Physical Health: A Feasibility Randomised Controlled Trial.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025
    Trial
  10. Trial
  11. Trial
  12. Trial
  13. Trial
  14. Trial
  15. Experiences of people with long COVID: Symptoms, support strategies and the Long COVID Optimal Health Programme (LC-OHP).Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2024
    Trial
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Observational
  19. Nanobodies targeting SARS-CoV-2 variants.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026
    Review
  20. Article

427 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Olalekan Lee AiyegbusiInstitute of Applied Health Research, 1724University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-9122-8251
Sarah E HughesInstitute of Applied Health Research, 1724University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-5656-1198
Grace TurnerInstitute of Applied Health Research, 1724University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Samantha Cruz RiveraInstitute of Applied Health Research, 1724University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Christel McMullanInstitute of Applied Health Research, 1724University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Joht Singh ChandanInstitute of Applied Health Research, 1724University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Shamil HaroonInstitute of Applied Health Research, 1724University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Gary PriceCentre for Patient Reported Outcomes Research, Institute of Applied Health Research, 1724University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Elin Haf Davies560911Aparito Limited, Wrexham, UK.
Krishnarajah NirantharakumarInstitute of Applied Health Research, 1724University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Elizabeth SapeyBirmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, 1724University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Melanie J CalvertInstitute of Applied Health Research, 1724University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-1856-837X
TLC Study Group
University of Birmingham · GBNational Institute for Health Research · GBHealth Data Research UK · GBUniversity Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust · GB

Funding

Medical Research Council MC_PC_20050Medical Research Council MC_PC_21015Medical Research Council MR/L008335/1Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Globally, there are now over 160 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 and more than 3 million deaths. While the majority of infected individuals recover, a significant proportion continue to experience symptoms and complications after their acute illness. Patients with 'long COVID' experience a wide range of physical and mental/psychological symptoms. Pooled prevalence data showed the 10 most prevalent reported symptoms were fatigue, shortness of breath, muscle pain, joint pain, headache, cough, chest pain, altered smell, altered taste and diarrhoea. Other common symptoms were cognitive impairment, memory loss, anxiety and sleep disorders. Beyond symptoms and complications, people with long COVID often reported impaired quality of life, mental health and employment issues. These individuals may require multidisciplinary care involving the long-term monitoring of symptoms, to identify potential complications, physical rehabilitation, mental health and social services support. Resilient healthcare systems are needed to ensure efficient and effective responses to future health challenges.

Indexed as

Quality of LifeCOVID-19Delivery of Health CareDiarrheaEmploymentFatigueHeadacheHumansMental DisordersMental HealthPainPost-Acute COVID-19 SyndromeRespiratory Tract DiseasesSARS-CoV-2Sensation DisordersCOVID-19epidemiologyhealth service researchinfectious diseaseslong COVIDpersistent COVID-19 symptomspost-COVID-19 syndromepublic healthrespiratory medicine

Identifiers

PMID34265229
PMCPMC8450986
OpenAlexW3174599482

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.