Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34265039›Full record

ReviewAdvances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)2021

Water Security and Nutrition: Current Knowledge and Research Opportunities.

Joshua D Miller, Cassandra L Workman, Sarita V Panchang, Gretchen Sneegas, Ellis A Adams, Sera L Young, Amanda L Thompson

Open access · hybridAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
48citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
7.9field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

48 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 103 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Trial
  4. Dual Burden of Food and Water Insecurity Among SNAP Households with Children in the Southern United States.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Associations Between Perceived Tap Water Safety and Dietary Outcomes Among US Adults.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2026
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Interacting Water Insecurity and Food Insecurity: Recent Advances in Theory and Application.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2025
    Article
  20. Addressing water scarcity to support climate resilience and human health.Integrated environmental assessment and management · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.

Joshua D MillerDepartment of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2171-856X
Cassandra L WorkmanDepartment of Anthropology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA.
Sarita V PanchangSocial Research and Evaluation Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
Gretchen SneegasDepartment of Geography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
Ellis A AdamsKeough School of Global Affairs, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
Sera L YoungDepartment of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
Amanda L ThompsonDepartment of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · USLouisiana State University · USNorthwestern University · USTexas A&M University · USUniversity of North Carolina at Greensboro · USUniversity of Notre Dame · US

Funding

Research Services CoreP2CHD050924 · NICHD · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI KAREN B GUZZO · 2015 to 2026
$9.6M
Water, Food, and the Triple Burden of Disease in the Galapagos, EcuadorR21TW010832 · FIC · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI THOMPSON, AMANDA L · 2017 to 2018
$340k
FIC NIH HHS R21 TW010832NICHD NIH HHS P2C HD050924
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Water is an essential nutrient that has primarily been considered in terms of its physiological necessity. But reliable access to water in sufficient quantities and quality is also critical for many nutrition-related behaviors and activities, including growing and cooking diverse foods. Given growing challenges to water availability and safety, including climate change, pollution, and infrastructure degradation, a broader conceptualization of water and its diverse uses is needed to sustainably achieve global nutrition targets. Therefore, we review empirical and qualitative evidence describing the linkages between water security (the reliable availability, accessibility, and quality of water for all household uses) and nutrition. Primary linkages include water security for drinking, food production and preparation, infant and young child feeding, and limiting exposure to pathogens and environmental toxins. We then identify knowledge gaps within each linkage and propose a research agenda for studying water security and nutrition going forward, including the concurrent quantification of both food and water availability, accessibility, use, and stability. By making explicit the connections between water security and nutritional well-being, we aim to promote greater collaboration between the nutrition and water, sanitation, and hygiene sectors. Interdisciplinary policies and programs that holistically address the water-nutrition nexus, versus those that focus on water and nutrition independently, are likely to significantly advance our ability to ensure equitable access to healthy foods and safe water for all.

Indexed as

Food SupplyWaterChildFoodHumansInfantNutritional StatusWater SupplyWaterdietfood securityhygieneinfant and young child feedingnutritionwater qualitywater security

Identifiers

PMID34265039
PMCPMC8634318
OpenAlexW3178309558

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.