SynthesisGut microbes
Probiotic and commensal gut microbial therapies in multiple sclerosis and its animal models: a comprehensive review.
Synthesis in Gut microbes. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- A randomized cross-over trial of prebiotics and probiotics in multiple sclerosis: Trial feasibility, supplement tolerability and symptom abatement.Multiple sclerosis and related disorders · 2024Trial
- The potential role of the gut microbiota in the development of autoantibodies associated with Spondyloarthritis: a narrative review.BMC immunology · 2026Review
- Immunotherapy-Mediated Modulation of the Gut Microbiota in Multiple Sclerosis: The Effects of High-Efficacy (Cladribine) and Moderate-Efficacy (Interferon Beta-1a) Treatments.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Modulating the Gut Microbiome as a Therapeutic Approach in Multiple Sclerosis: Implications for Gut-Brain Interactions and Immune Pathways: A Narrative Review.Brain and behavior · 2026Review
- Dysbiosis and Therapeutic Modulation of the Gut Microbiota in Multiple Sclerosis: A Narrative Review.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Oxymatrine possibly inhibits differentiation and maturation of oligodendrocytes in the remyelination of the toxin-induced demyelination animal model.Metabolic brain disease · 2025Article
- Gut microbiome in patients with early-stage and late-stage endometriosis.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- The Relationship Between Bacterial Flora in Saliva and Esophageal Mucus and Endoscopic Severity in Patients with Eosinophilic Esophagitis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The Brain-Gut-Bone Axis in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Insights, Challenges, and Future Prospects.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Review
- Modulation of multiple sclerosis risk and pathogenesis by the gut microbiota: Complex interactions between host genetics, bacterial metabolism, and diet.Immunological reviews · 2024Review
- Dietary ellagic acid therapy for CNS autoimmunity: Targeting on Alloprevotella rava and propionate metabolism.Microbiome · 2024Article
- Analysis of animal-to-human translation shows that only 5% of animal-tested therapeutic interventions obtain regulatory approval for human applications.PLoS biology · 2024Article
- Bifidobacteria in disease: from head to toe.Folia microbiologica · 2024Review
- A Framework for Understanding Maternal Immunity.Immunology and allergy clinics of North America · 2023Review
- Review
- Probiotic Influences on Motor Skills: A Review.Current neuropharmacology · 2023Review
- Feeding the gut microbiome: impact on multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Lactobacillus reuteri tryptophan metabolism promotes host susceptibility to CNS autoimmunity.Microbiome · 2022Article
- Convergent pathways of the gut microbiota-brain axis and neurodegenerative disorders.Gastroenterology report · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The need for alternative treatments for multiple sclerosis (MS) has triggered copious amounts of research into microbial therapies focused on manipulating the microbiota-gut-brain axis. This comprehensive review was intended to present and systematically evaluate the current clinical and preclinical evidence for various probiotic and commensal gut microbial therapies as treatments for MS, using the Bradford Hill criteria (BHC) as a multi-parameter assessment rubric. Literature searches were performed to identify a total of 37 relevant studies (6 human, 31 animal), including 28 probiotic therapy and 9 commensal therapy studies. In addition to presenting qualitative summaries of these findings, therapeutic evidence for each bacterial formulation was assessed using the BHC to generate summative scores. These scores, which encompassed study quality, replication, and other considerations, were used to rank the most promising therapies and highlight deficiencies. Several therapeutic formulations, including VSL#3,
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.