Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34264537›Full record

ArticleHealth expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy2021

How do health services engage culturally and linguistically diverse consumers? An analysis of consumer engagement frameworks in Australia.

Ashfaq Chauhan, Ramesh L Walpola, Elizabeth Manias, Holly Seale, Merrilyn Walton, Carlene Wilson, Allan B Smith, Jiadai Li, Reema Harrison

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Blind Spots in the Hospital: An Absence of CALD Data.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Advance Care Planning in Multicultural Communities: A Document Analysis of Resources to Support Healthcare Staff and Consumers in Australia.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025
    Article
  5. Consumers' Contribution to Health Research: Australian Research Organisations' Perspectives.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025
    Article
  6. Using Codesign to Develop a Health Literacy Intervention to Improve the Accessibility and Acceptability of Cardiac Services: The Equal Hearts Study.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025
    Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Exploring Healthcare Access Challenges Among South Asian Migrants in Australia: A Mixed-Method Study.Health promotion journal of Australia : official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals · 2025
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Creating safer cancer care with ethnic minority patients: A qualitative analysis of the experiences of cancer service staff.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2024
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Assessing the environment for engagement in health services: The Audit for Consumer Engagement (ACE) tool.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2022
    Article
  16. Refining a capability development framework for building successful consumer and staff partnerships in healthcare quality improvement: A coproduced eDelphi study.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2022
    Review
  17. Article
  18. Optimising co-design with ethnic minority consumers.International journal for equity in health · 2021
    Article
  19. How do health services engage culturally and linguistically diverse consumers? An analysis of consumer engagement frameworks in Australia.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2021
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Ashfaq ChauhanSchool of Population Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-2762-510X
Ramesh L WalpolaSchool of Population Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.
Elizabeth ManiasSchool of Nursing and Midwifery, Centre for Quality and Patient Safety Research, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia‎.
Holly SealeSchool of Population Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.
Merrilyn WaltonSchool of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Carlene WilsonOlivia Newton-John Cancer Wellness and Research Centre, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.
Allan B SmithCentre for Oncology Education and Research Translation (CONSORT), Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia.
Jiadai LiSchool of Population Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.
Reema HarrisonSchool of Population Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-8609-9827

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEngagement frameworks provide the conceptual structure for consumer engagement in healthcare decision making, but the level to which these frameworks support culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) consumer engagement is not known.

objectiveThis study aimed to investigate how consumer engagement is conceptualised and operationalized and to determine the implications of current consumer engagement frameworks for engagement with CALD consumers.

methodAltheide's document analysis approach was used to guide a systematic search, selection and analytic process. Australian Government health department websites were searched for eligible publicly available engagement frameworks. A narrative synthesis was conducted.

resultsEleven engagement frameworks published between 2007 and 2019 were identified and analysed. Only four frameworks discussed engagement with CALD consumers distinctly. Organisational prerequisites to enhance engagement opportunities and approaches to enable activities of engagement were highlighted to improve CALD consumers' active participation in decision making; however, these largely focused on language, with limited exploration of culturally sensitive services.

conclusionThere is limited discussion of what culturally sensitive services look like and what resources are needed to enhance CALD consumer engagement in high-level decision making. Health services and policy makers can enhance opportunities for engagement with CALD consumers by being flexible in their approach, implementing policies for reimbursement for participation and evaluating and adapting the activities of engagement in collaboration with CALD consumers. PATIENT/PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: This study is part of a wider 'CanEngage' project, which includes a consumer investigator, and is supported by a consumer advisory group. The study was conceived with inputs from the consumer advisory group, which continued to meet regularly with the project team to discuss the methodology and emerging findings.

Indexed as

Cultural DiversityHealth ServicesAustraliaHealth Services AccessibilityHumansLanguageconsumer engagementdocument analysisengagement frameworksethnic minorityhealth policypatient participation

Identifiers

PMID34264537
PMCPMC8483202

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.