SynthesisCancer medicine2021
Has tumor doubling time in breast cancer changed over the past 80 years? A systematic review.
Synthesis in Cancer medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Quantifying the impact of treatment delays on breast cancer survival outcomes: a comprehensive meta-analysis.GeroScience · 2026Pooled it
- Has tumor doubling time in breast cancer changed over the past 80 years? A systematic review.Cancer medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Evaluation of nanoencapsulated bevacizumab combined with paclitaxel in a colorectal cancer xenograft model.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- An Extracellular Matrix-Producing Subset of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Drives Chemoresistance in Breast Cancer via SRC Activation and G0S2 Upregulation.Cancer research · 2026Article
- CRISPR-StAR enables high-resolution genetic screening in complex in vivo models.Nature biotechnology · 2025Article
- The Future of Tumor Markers: Advancing Early Malignancy Detection Through Omics Technologies, Continuous Monitoring, and Personalized Reference Intervals.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- CaUltrasonics sonochemistry · 2025Article
- Enhancing bevacizumab efficacy in a colorectal tumor mice model using dextran-coated albumin nanoparticles.Drug delivery and translational research · 2025Article
- Identification of differentiating sonographic features between fibroadenomas and malignant tumors of the breast mimicking fibroadenomas: 10-year experience in 421 histologically verified cases.Ultraschall in der Medizin (Stuttgart, Germany : 1980) · 2025Article
- Predicting Tumor Volume Doubling Time and Progression-Free Survival in Untreated Patients from Patient-Derived-Xenograft (PDX) Models: A Translational Model-Based Approach.The AAPS journal · 2024Article
- The association of breast surgery ASPIRE: breast pain pathway rapid evaluation project - study protocol.International journal of surgery protocols · 2024Article
- Review
- A Mathematical Model of the Disruption of Glucose Homeostasis in Cancer Patients.Bulletin of mathematical biology · 2023Article
- Paraoxonase-2 is upregulated in triple negative breast cancer and contributes to tumor progression and chemoresistance.Human cell · 2023Article
- A natural history and copula-based joint model for regional and distant breast cancer metastasis.Statistical methods in medical research · 2022Article
- Development and evaluation of a method for tumor growth simulation in virtual clinical trials of breast cancer screening.Journal of medical imaging (Bellingham, Wash.) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Over the past century, epidemiologic changes and implementation of screening may have had an impact on tumor doubling time in breast cancer. Our study was designed to evaluate changes in tumor doubling time in breast cancer over the past 80 years. A systematic review of published literature and meta-regression analysis was performed. An online electronic database search was undertaken using the PubMed platform from inception until June 2020. All studies that measured tumor doubling time in breast cancer were included. A total of 151 publications were retrieved. Among them, 16 full-text articles were included in the qualitative analysis. An exponential growth model was used for quantitative characterization of tumor growth rate. Tumor doubling time has remained stable over the past 80 years. Recent studies have not only identified "fast growing tumor" (grade 3, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive, triple-negative, or tumor with an elevated Ki-67) but also "inactive breast cancer" feeding the ongoing debate of overdiagnosis due to screening programs. The stability of tumor doubling time over the past 80 years, despite increasing and changing risk factors, supports the validity for our screening guidelines. Prospective studies based on more precise measurement of tumor size and adjustment for tumor characteristics are necessary to more clearly characterize the prognostic and predictive impact of tumor doubling time in breast cancer.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.